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Bath attendant worked   in public baths. 

He prepared baths and was responsible for 

heating the water. He also added and 

exchanged water if it was necessary. 

Additionally he was a barber and a sort of 

a medic. His task was to: massage, treat 

various illnesses with cupping glasses, pull out 

people’s teeth, drain blood and remove corns. 

In some cities he had to look after beggars.

Kinga

Miodowar is a person who makes drinking honey. It is 

a drink made with honey and hop. Miodowar’s job was very

famous in the XVth century. West European countries 

savoured polish beverage. In those days honey was the

main liquor. You could meet honey on noble and royal 

tables. 

Unfortunately, the development of economy didn’t last 

long. Because of the wine, which was cheaper, honey lost 

its value and popularity in the XIX century. The popularity 

of honey hasn’t been brought back so far. The miodowar’s 

job was forgotten. We hope we reminded you

this job to some degree.

Agnieszka

Pipe maker was a person who was making pipes 

and accessories using many materials such as 

wood, clay or porcelain. After the adaption order 

he was designing a pipe and deciding which 

material he will use. After that he could make 

beutiful designs on them using chisels. This 

profession was performed mainly in the 19th 

century because the pipes were commonly used. 

Nowadays, such work has been replaced by 

machines.

Kinga

The weepers were the women who were hired to 

mourn over the death of somebody, after and during 

the funeral ceremony. They also composed mourning 

songs. Their task was to show the feelings of their 

relatives, to help them come to terms with their loss. 

What’s more, the dead weren’t usually close relatives 

to them. That profession was mostly done by 

women, who were over 60 years old. In the Near 

East’s culture, it was claimed that the weepers 

haunted the graves and they got blessing from dead 

souls.

Kinga

A fuller, is a craftsman who was fulling the fabric. He was 

fagging out clothes, underwear and thick cloth. He 

formed them in the machines which were used to keep 

cloth to be straight. He also interwined straw hats and 

cleaned dirty clothes. We can aslo meet the word "fuller" 

in the Bible. We can state that this profession has already 

occured in ancient times. It ocured in the Old and New 

Testament.

In the Middle Ages wool was the main product exported 

to England. There were many sheep and thanks to them 

there was wool. Because there was a lot of wool, fullers 

had a lot of work. They sewed clothes for knights, 

bishops and squires. Their task was also to collect urine, 

which was not the most pleasant work.

Klaudia

Bell-founder - a craftsman that used to work with bronze 

and brass, mostly to create such things as candlesticks, 

scones and bells. The job became popular in XIII century, 

however in Poland bell-founders came from XVI and XVII 

cenruty. But with time, the job of bell – founder changed 

its usage from daily into art. So, in the XIX century the 

bell-founders disappeared and metallurgic industry was 

found better and easier. Nowadays bell-founders are 

making bells for churches or molds for decorative 

ashtrays, scones or candlesticks. In Poland bell-founding is 

known as a part of cultural heritage. In Taciszów, there is 

a work place for bell-founders that has existed since 1808!

Ola

A beekeeper was making beehives in old trees 

hollows. Making beehives was the hardest 

beekeeper's job. Bees were making their nests 

in beehives. They were set from 2 - 20 meters 

high, in living trees. That trees were100 - 300 

years old. Beekeeper's job was popular in 14th 

century. Beehives, which we know now, gained 

in popularity in 19th and 20th century. We can 

associate beekeeper's job with Winnie the 

Pooh. He was climbing the trees to get some 

honey.

Agnieszka

Lacing was a work done mainly by women. They 

were hand – made laces. They appeared in Poland 

along with queen Bona and they could be seen as an 

ornament of an outfit and interior. Many years later, 

there were a lot of factories which produced laces. It 

was also very important to set up new lace schools 

and earn money. 

We can see different types of laces. The first one is 

called crochet – the most popular among 

housewives and the other ones are called: the 

shuttle lace, mesh lace and the last one is called 

bobbin lace.

Kinga

Hosiery repairer dealt with the repairing tights. 

He repaired tights, stockings and socks with 

his hands. This occupation was popular in 

Poland in the postwar period. To repair tights, 

the hosiery repairer used a special needle. 

Repairing tights was successful until late 

eighties. The prices of tights were high, that’s 

why people preferred repairing laddered tights 

to buying new ones. Unfortunately, nowadays 

the profession is forgotten. The prices of 

tights, stockings and socks are cheap, so the 

job of hosiery repairer has faded into oblivion.

Klaudia

Parasolnik   is a person that used to make umbrellas. This job in many countries, 

including Poland, is almost forgotten, because there are big factories and most of the 

umbrellas are imported. The best years for polish umbrellamen were between 60's and 

70's, when Maria Koterbska sang her first song about an umbrella. Even though, the 

quality of handmade umbrellas is high, they are not easily sold, because people change 

their mind concerning their look. Now, many of last umbrellamen prefer to fix umbrellas 

rather than create new ones. Young people, who are going into crafting choose more 

popular   proffesions such as:   a varnisher, an umbrellaman or a potter. 

If someone has already chosen it, as I wrote earlier, they fix or make umbrellas for 

shows, theatres and film - making. For me, it's very important to support town industry 

like this, not only because of the sake of the memory of last decades, but 

I also think, it's not fair to bury professions that were able to survive…

The first information concerning umbrellas came from acient Egypt and China. Later on, 

in history Chinese, umbrellas became very exclusive, expensive and a very wanted 

product. People used to use them to protect themselves from the sun, snow and rain. 

They also used them to show their personal status or richness.

English writers, in the times of popularity of umbrellas, wrote that they were 

very gentlemen things to wear. But, of course, the look of umbrellas 

changed, from small Chinese ones to bigger ones that were able to move. 

The last ones appeared in 1715!

Ola

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