CAT

Apostolis

3rd Primary School of Pallini - Greece

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The cat is a small carnivorous mammal. It can be a pet or a feral cat. The cat has a strong flexible body, quick reflex, sharp teeth and  retractable claws adapted to killing small preys. Its night vision and sense of smell are well developed. Its communication is made of vocalizations like meowing and purring but it also has a specific body language. It  secrets and perceives pheromones, a sort of perfume that allows him to space orienteering. It's a solitary hunter but a social species.

It is a predator that is most active during the night. The domestic cat has smaller skull bones than the wild cat. Adult domestic cats typically weigh around four five kilograms. Their teeth are adapted to the small animals that they hunt, that  have small bones. They also help them to treat meat. Cats have protractable and retractable claws; this allows them the silent walking to hunt the prey.

Aidi, Dilashki, Laiba, Efe - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Cats are pure carnivores Cats have five toes on their front. Paws and only four toes on their back paws . A cat can live twenty or more years 

Elçin Ceyhan Şehitler Secondary School

Cats have 32 muscles that control the outer ear. Cat’s hearing is much more sensitive than humans' and dogs'. Cats have the largest eyes of any mammal.Cat's claws are one of their most important features. They use the claws for climbing, playing and of course also for hunting. Cats have twice as many smell-sensitive cells in their noses.

Dilem KÜRK ,TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

The domestic cat cannot eat the following foods: chocolate, candy, gum, nuts, grapes, coffee, onion, garlic and avocado.

Ursu Ioana, George Calinescu Secondary School, Onesti, Romania / Sabareanu Lacrimioara 

Water is extremely important to a cat's diet, and cats that eat a dry-food diet need to drink more. Clean your cat's water bowl and change the water regularly.Just like human foods, quality cat food will have a healthy balance of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Choose a cat food that uses animal protein and fat.

Orkun Pehlivan, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

FOOD

When your cat comes home, prepare two containers for drinking water, one of which is dry cat food (an adult cat averages 60-70 grams per day) and the other one is always clean and fresh. Maintain sufficient distance between the two containers to prevent water contamination while eating.

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School Turkey

By Vassilis , 3rd Primary School of Pallini

HEALTH

Your kitten must be routinely checked by a veterinarian. Our physicians will determine a vaccination program suitable for your kitten's age, breed and habitat. Your kitten's vaccination program should start at 8 weeks. Three months after the end of the first vaccines, an internal and external parasite preparation and repeated repetitions of rabies, mixed and leukemia vaccines can be administered once a year.

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School Turkey

You must pay lots of attention to your pet to be healthy. Every year your cat needs to be vaccinated to protect it from different diseases and give it vitamins. Twice a year you need to visit a vet to examine your pet. Of course, you should pay a lot of attention to cat's hygiene: bath him with special shampoo and clean his ears. Monitor cat's nutrition very carefully and just care and love you pet.

Lozova Secondary School, Ukraine

(prepared by Ksenia, 9th form)

made by Ksenia, Lozova Secondary School 12, Ukraine

 Healthy cats are generally playful even well into old age. They are well groomed, with a soft, silky coat. Their eyes are bright, open wide, with no discharge. They should have good litter box habits, firm stool and plenty of urination. They should eat their food, and drink plenty of water. Their temperature should hover around 101 degrees. Their gums should be pink and their teeth free of tartar.

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School (by Arsen Demirci)

To keep our cat healthy we should

*groom our cat regularly

*provide fresh water daily

*make sure we have enough litter boxes

*train our cat to use a scratching post

*keep our cat's teeth clean

*choose a cat-friendly vet

*schedule regular veterinary visit

Gözde TAŞKAN , Kıbrıs Şehitleri Secondary School / Class 6A

DISTRIBUTION

Cats live all around the World, but you can't find them at the South Pole, it's too cold!

Class 1D Cuneo-Italy

HABITAT

Cats live on the streets. Although many people feed the cat at home, it is not the natural environment of cats.

Cats’ habitats can often change. They are animals that do not have a specific habitat that is suited to them. They are able to adapt to a variety of environments including forests, deserts, urban and the homes of humans. They can even live on small islands with no human inhabitants. Feral cats can live in forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and wetlands.

(18th Elementary school of Kalamata, Greece)

CARES

You found a little cat or your friend's cat came to your house as a guest or you had a cat. However, if you do not know how to care for your cat, how you can make your cat friend happy, you need to know about cat care. Cat care is actually quite easy. You just need to solve the cats' languages. Here is important information about cat care;

*They do not drink the water waiting for a long time and do not eat.

* Cats like to get into people's environments.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Elif Tepe,Rezan,Ömer,Irmak,TURKEY

* Hair is indispensable for cats. Therefore, they lick their feathers that will be poured into the environment during the day and swallow them. To make the cat's hair look clean and beautiful, you need to help him and comb him from time to time.

* Cats are creatures hungry for love. You must love them in abundance.

* One of the vital areas for cats to be cared for at home or in the garden is the toilet area. Cat litter should be taken immediately. The cat holds its pee and damages it.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Elif Tepe,Rezan,Ömer,Irmak,TURKEY

* If you usually see cats nailing carpets and you don't want your items to be damaged, buy soft and nail files for them.

* Your cat is highly affected by parasites in similar products such as raw meat, chicken and liver. Don't give raw food

*Cats get cold. You should make them a warm place.

*Eye care is one of the most important subjects for cats especially in newborn cat care. Easy to catch germs. It should be wiped daily with a damp cloth.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Elif Tepe,Rezan,Ömer,Irmak,TURKEY

ENDANGERED SPECIES

We have found out that endangered cat species are Asian lions, African lions, White lions, White tigers, Amur tigers, Bengali tigers and Florida cougars.

Why are they endangered?

Because people don't care about the environment and they cut down forests that those cats are living in and this way they destroy their natural habitat.

By Elena and Gabriele, Raseiniai Saltinis Progymnasium, Lithuania.

LION

Elçin Ceyhan Şehitler S.S

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Lion is a symbol complete power. Shoulders, feet an chest are extremely muscular. The weight of the male lion is between 190 and 280kg.The female lion weighs between 110 and 150kg. The length of the male is between 2.4-2.7m while the length of females is around 2.1-2.3 m. They gave advanced visibility and they can also hunt at night. They have strong smell ability and these abilities help them in many ways.

Onur Gürkan , TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

Lions are the second largest big cat species in the world. They can run at a speed of up to 81 km because they have very strong legs. Lions live for an average of 12 years and up to 16 years.

Gözde TAŞKAN, KIBRIS ŞEHİTLERİ SECONDARY SCHOOL / Class 6A

FOOD

They eat flesh and meat. In order to get meat they hunt other animals. This makes it the king of the jungle. Lions eat every animal they can prey.

Mostly, they prey: buffaloes, younger elephants, hippopotamus, zebras, giraffes, crocodiles, wild hogs and antelopes.

Elif İğdil, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

GROWTH

After three and a half months of pregnancy the lionesses give birth to 2 to 6 young. The lions are nursed for three months and the next nine learn to hunt. Lionesses are very affectionate moms - perhaps because they know that with the fights between males, in the end only two in ten young ones reach the age of two. Then, they bid farewell to their sons who leave and wander together until they have their own family. Lions are one of the strongest animals. Lions live from 10 to 14 years. They live in small herds in defined territories.

by 3rd Primary School of Pallini, E2, Stergios, Chris and Nickolas

HEALTH

Although adult lions do not have a natural predator, evidence shows that most of them die severely from attacks by humans or other lions. Lions often cause serious injury to members of other pride or their own members of pride, which they encounter in land disputes. Crippled lions and cubs may be sacrificed to predatory cats such as hyena leopards, or crushed by large bodies such as buffalo and elephants. Lions who are careless while hunting may become disabled. Ticks usually damage the lions' ears, necks and groin areas.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Ege Eren,Ceylin Cansın,Safa,Raghad, TURKEY

DISTRIBUTION

About 10,000 years ago, lions were widespread on five continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Today, it is extinct all over the Americas, all over Asia except India, throughout Europe and in a part of the African continent. Today, the African lion subspecies is the most populous of the lion species. In the wild, an African lion is found only in parts of the African continent. It lives in the southern regions of the Sahara Desert, about half of Central Africa, East Africa, and a small part of South Africa.African lions live in shrubs, in trees where there are trees that protect them from the heat, in reeds. They like open land. 

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

(by Narod Arzuman)

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOLL

HABITAT

Lions live in different kinds of habitat: these habitats provide hiding places where lions can hunt without being seen. So their habitats are hot savannas made of grassy plains and a few trees; open woodlands where trees are not too close together; scrubland where the ground is covered in thick brush and bushes.

Giorgia - ICS Como Rebbio -Italy

CARES

Every lion female cares and protects, feeds her cubs. In fact, the lionesses in a pride will often nurse other lioness's cubs. It is truly communal care. Lionesses will take care off their cubs until they reach the age of 2 or 3. Of course, males have to learn how to hunt, because it is a very important skill. Cubs start to learn how to hunt at the age of 3 months.

Tauras, Daimonas,

Raseiniai Saltinis Progymnasium, Lithuania 

ENDANGERED SPECIES

The lions on the bring of extinction are the lions of world, the west African lion, the congo lion, south west African lion, Masai lion, transvoal lion, etopian lion, the Asian lion, and the lions barbarian.

Alex Sachelaru, George Calinescu High School, Onesti, Romania / Sabareanu Lacrimioara

PANDA

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Giant pandas have a distinctive black and white coat, with black fur around their eyes and on their ears, muzzle, legs and shoulders. Their thick, wooly coat helps to keep them warm in their cool mountain homes. Adult pandas are about 150cm from nose to rump, with a 10-15cm tail.

Elçin Ceyhan Şehitler S.S

Panda is known as the Giant Panda. It's a bear we can find in central and southwestern China. It is easily recognized by the large, characteristic spots around its eyes and its round body.

When the female giant panda  give birth the baby panda  is always blind and weighs 90-130 grams, that is, as much as a cell phone. At adulthood it reaches 100-150 kg. In spite of their sweet appearance, Panda is bear and if necessary they can get wild in order to defend themselves. Also, although they may look lazy, they are extremely capable of climbing trees and swimming. One of their characteristic, besides their coloring, is the "pseudo-thumb" part of their hand wrist. 

Nefeli,Elena, Dimitris & Giota

3rd Primary School of Pallini

FOOD

A panda’s daily diet consists almost entirely of  leaves, stems and shoots of various bamboo species. Bamboo contains very little nutritional value so pandas must eat 12-38 kilograms every day to meet their energy needs.

Alessio - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

Some more addition about panda's eating habits: animal eat from 13 to 30 kg of bamboo plant per a day. About 3500 bamboo stalks a day corresponds to its weight.

Big pandas sometimes eat small amount of honey, fish, eggs, leaves, fruit and root vegetables. You will be surprised by they seldom eat small mammals and birds.This happens infrequently!

Lozova Secondary School 12, Ukraine

(prepared by Sophia, 9th form)

GROWTH

All pandas are born very small.Newborn giant pandas are pink and furless. The iconic black and white coloring come later, after about 3 weeks.For 2 months after birth, baby pandas rely on the mother's warmth, milk, and protection. After 4 months The pandas start to run a few steps, and love rolling about on the ground.After 6 months they begin to eat bamboo.

Arda SAKA , TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

Panda cubs are very small compared to adult pandas. When they are born, they weigh about 100 grams. Newborn pandas need breastfeeding every two hours. Puppies start walking when they are three months old. When the Panda puppy reaches the age of 1.5, it reaches a weight of 50 kg and has teeth strong and hard enough to eat bamboo. It's time for him to leave his mother.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Hayrunnisa,Yusuf Emre,Ege Gürsoy, TURKEY

HEALTH

Class 8c, Gr.3 Gabija J., Meida, Leja.

Raseiniai Šaltinis progymnasium

Panda's live up to 20 years and weight 200 pounds. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lot of bamboo- up to 15 procent of their body weight in 12 hours.

Rather than sleeping all night long, a panda will have a meal and then take a long nap. These naps last for two to four hours and take place throughout the day. In total, a panda will sleep about 10 hours a day.

Most pandas die from parasites(77%) or various infections and injuries. Seizures of unknown were documented in 18 pandas, 16 captive and 2 wild

DISTRIBUTION

Panda bears live in the mountain forests of Central China. Live only in six mountain massifs located between the Sicheeam plain and the Tibetan Ploteau.

Munteanu Rares, George Calinescu Secondary School, Onesti, Romania / Sabareanu Lacrimioara

HABITAT

Pandas living in the forests of China and Tibet

44 panda live in zoos in 12 countries.

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary SchoolTurkey

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOLL

Artem Tkachenko, Yevgeniy Pivtoraus, Lozova Secondary School 12, Ukraine

CARES

How Can We Take Care of Pandas?

• Protect the forest or habitat of the pandas
• Protect bamboo, the pandas’ major food source
• Provide corridors for panda migrations between habitat areas
• Patrol the reserves to prevent poaching and logging
• Patrol the reserves to search for sick or injured pandas
• Take sick or injured pandas to nearest panda hospital for care
• Educate tourists and visitors about panda protection

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

(by Lorin Toparlak)

By Sarin Karaman

Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Pandas are endangered mainly due to habitat loss. Humans have cleared much of the bamboo forests that pandas need to survive. Because pandas eat only bamboo, they can not adapt to live outside of those forests the way other animals do, unless the pandas provided with bamboo.

Gözde TAŞKAN, KIBRIS ŞEHİTLERİ SECONDARY SCHOOL

HORSE

Apostolis

3rd Primary School of Pallini - Greece

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

A horse is a mammalian species of unicorn subset of hooves. The height of the horses from the ground is usually between 1.3 and 1.7 meters at the shoulder. The horse's skin is covered with short and shiny hairs. The horse's nostrils are wide, eyes are large and lively. There is a mane made of bushy hair on his long and very strong neck. Its tail is long and tufted. The horse's leg muscles are very strong. The horse's lips are soft and fleshy. He has 40 teeth in his mouth.

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School Turkey

FOOD

Horses love grass. It’s their natural food.

Hay or haylage – keeps your horse full.

Fruit or vegetables – these add moisture to the feed.

Salt- Many owners find that horses love eating salt in the summer months.Fresh water – as well as horse food, your horse needs access to fresh clean water as much as possible, but at least twice a day. Irmak YILDIRIM, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

GROWTH

The horse is already adult at the age of 5 and they live

between 25 and 30 years. When they are born they drink their mothers’ milk and as adults they eat grass, seeds and cereals. A horse pregnancy takes 11 months and 10 days. The horses can to walk since they are born.

The scientific horse name is “Equus caballus “. The horse measures between 1,5-1,8m in height and they can reach around 600-1,000 kg. A horse has 40 dental pieces. He is a very prepared animal to run.

Escola Lavínia 5th grade

HEALTH

The horse's good health signs are:

• When they sleep well
• His hyperactive ears
• Their clean eyes
• The same color in the gums
• His clean coat
• He eats his food well with appetite
• Body temperature is normal

Chara, Danae, Gina - E2 - 3rd Primary School of Pallini

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOOL

The horse's bad health signs are :

-Anorexia

-Coagulation

-Weakness or trepidation

-The gum and eye membranes are dark red in color

-If he turns around in the stable anxious

Chara, Danae, Gina - E2 - 3rd Primary School of Pallini

DISTRIBUTION

According to Scientific American, the first horses originated in North America and then spread to Asia and Europe. The horses left in North America became extinct about 10,000 years ago and were re-introduced by colonizing Europeans. Berfin KOÇ, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

HABITAT

Maria and Lilia, Lozova Secondary School 12, Ukraine

Horses; they live in small groups in large herds. This small herd consists of 1 stallion, close to 5 mares and their foals. Horses often sleep on their feet. One of the herds will be awake and watch around. While adult horses do not leave the herd, young horses may occasionally move away from the herd. Mares and foals can join flocks of other stallions. The foals, the stallions, find their own mares. Before finding their own mare, they form small groups with other stallions foals. For example; Farm, Hara, riding clubs.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by İpek,Ahmed Kemal,Zelal, TURKEY

CARES

While they will learn to adapt to stable life, it is vital to exercise your horse to satisfy its physical needs. Also, a horse will become bored and discontented if it does not have the regular company of humans and other horses.

While there is no exact acreage requirement for horses, it is generally considered that one acre of pasture per horse is sufficient. Before pasturing your horse, check the pasture for trash, holes in the fencing, and other hazards.

Your horse will require shelter to protect it from wind, rain, and the sun.

Horses require a constant supply of fresh, clean water. 

 Horses should not stand all day on a hard floor, and they will lie down to sleep or rest.

The stable must be cleaned daily.

Chiara and Gaia - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

One of the things that horse owners fear the most is that the horse gets sick because when horse gets sick or injured,it takes a long time to be treated.

1.We have to visit him/her and check his/her health.

2.We have to give his/her vaccine regularly and care it.

3.Interference control and make the drug uniformly.

4.He must to eat healthy foods.

5.Always keep clear water.

6.Also we must do grooming.

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

(by Sarven Avcu)

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Croatian Posavac is an indigenous Croatian horse breed, used for recreational and tourist purposes.

The breed of the Croatian Posavac is endangered in Croatia and numbers just over 1000 heads.

Mateo and Igor, 1st Primary School Bjelovar, Croatia

RABBIT

Rabbits have big eyes, large ears,long whiskers and short tails. Also they have large hind legs. They can jump and run but young rabbits can't jump. Rabbits change feather twice a year. Their furs become white in winter to adapt to nature. They can smell and hear very well. They sleep with open eyes at night because they want to protect themselves from dangers.

Yiğit Karaca, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

Physical Charateristics

Their height can reach up to 60 centimeters and their weight varies between 3-5 kilos.The front teeth show continuous elongation.Rabbits are rodents for easy rasping of extended teeth.Rabbits with big eyes have short tail.Again, it is seen that the hind legs are shorter than the front legs. The average length of the tail of rabbits is 10 centimeters.They have a fine feather structure and are renewed by changing feathers twice a year. The colors of the feathers change according to the seasons and while the winters are light colored, the color of the feathers becomes darker towards the summer months.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Berat Sinan,Azranur,Abdulhamit,Elifsu,TURKEY

FOOD

Rabbits love their food and enjoy fresh fruits and vegetables as part of a balanced diet. Normally, rabbits eat inside their caves.

Like cows, horses and guinea pigs, rabbits are designed to eat throughout the day, rather than ingest their daily ration in a single time.

The food of rabbits is very healthy. The food of rabbits is not just carrots. Rabbits can't eat meat because they can die. Escola Lavínia 5th grade

What are they eating :

 Dried Grass: The diet should consist of good quality dry grass, rabbit feed and fresh vegetables. The grass should always be fresh and available for the rabbit.

Dried Food: They should be given daily, but in moderation because they have a lot of calories. In the first months of his life, dry food can be up to half a cup a day. Dry food is important, but it is not essential to the rabbit's diet; never neglect fresh grass and green vegetables, which are beneficial to your health.

Dimitris, Giannis, Dimitris & Thanassis - E1 - 3rd Primary School of Pallini

VEGETABLES: They must be an important part of a rabbit's diet. Depending on the size of the animal, at least 2 cups of vegetables per day may be given

Allowed vegetables are carrots (with leaves), parsley, broccoli, cabbage, greens (radishes, apricots), green peppers, dark leaf lettuce and spinach.

It is advisable to give at least 3 different kinds of vegetables a day to your rabbit to get all the nutrients it needs, and always eat one a day in a small amount that you will gradually increase.

Dimitris, Giannis, Dimitris & Thanassis - E1 - 3rd Primary School of Pallini

What the rabbit should not eat!

Fruits: Stems and pits are very dangerous in fruits! You need to make sure that everything is removed and the fruit is thoroughly cleaned before giving it to your bunny. Also prohibited are all tropical and exotic fruits, avocado.

Never give anything unwashed or splashed!

Prohibited: 1. All Legumes, Potato, Sweet Potato, Corn, Cauliflower, Pea, Millet, Maize, Tea Leaves, Soybean Seed, Onion, Lemon or Peel, Cereals, Seeds, Hazelnuts.

Dimitris, Giannis, Dimitris & Thanassis - E1 - 3rd Primary School of Pallini

GROWTH

The rabbit is a small vertebrate mammal. He is an affectionate, sociable and intelligent animal, but with a strong character. There are about 70  rabbit breeds. As soon as they are born, the little rabbits cannot hear or see. They begin to open their eyes around the tenth day of life. The rabbit eats once a day. Its feeding consists of grass, dry leaves, roots and berries. The rabbit lives on average 10 years.

Serap SONAL Şehitler Secondary School TURKEY

Gaia, Ambra, Laura, Isra - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

DISTRIBUTION

Rabbits prefer regions where the soil is loose and dry and where there is brushwood for shelter. Rabbits may live in brushy woods and gardens of eastern North America, on the western plains and deserts, on mountains,and even in the Arctic snows. European rabbits live alone on about an acre of land. More than half the world's rabbit population resides in North America. They are also native to southwestern Europe, Southeast Asia, Sumatra, some islands of Japan, and in parts of Africa and South America. They are not naturally found in most of Eurasia, where a number of species of hares are present.

Gözde TAŞKAN, KIBRIS ŞEHİTLERİ SECONDARY SCHOOL - Class 6A

CARES

Rabbits rarely get sick.Most diseases are caused by lack of proper food for the rabbit,of sufficient water in the cage and lack of a clean cage.You can vaccinate your rabbit for viral hemorrhagic and myxomotasis diseases at 6 week and then once a year.

HEALTH

Rabbits' health- the most common problems for are rabbits a overgrown teeth, snuffles, hairballs, myxomatosis and pasteurellosis. Rabbits should be vaccinated to prevent the diseases. Proper nutrition, vitamins and living environment are also important.

By Gunda, Juste B ir Jorūnė,

Raseiniai Saltinis Progymnasium, Lithuania

HABITAT

They live in deep sheltered trees or stone caverns under the ground to raise their offspring safely. They are ideal places for rabbits protection and hiding.

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School Turkey

Wild rabbits make their homes in various temperature extremes. They can be found in woods,forests,meadows,grasslands,deserts. Wild rabbits create their own homes by tunneling into the ground.These tunnel systems are called warrens and include rooms for nesting and sleeping.

Bartu Aydın, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Unfortunately, there are some critically endangered species such as the Volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi), the Pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), the black Amami Island rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi) and China's Magic rabbit (Ochotona iliensis).

Dina Yelegen, Private SAhakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

(by Andrea Irgav)

BIRDS

Welcome to the sky!

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Feathers

Feathers are the defining characteristic of Aves, found on every living species of bird and no other class of animal. Feathers are made of keratin, the same substance that forms hair and nails in other animals and are highly modified scales. Feathers are critical not only for flight but also for warmth and protection against the elements -- and in many species, for males to attract mates. 

Wings

All birds have wings, although not all birds fly. Nor are wings confined to Aves; bats are flying mammals and most insects have wings. Birds' bodies are beautifully designed for flight, with strong chest muscles and just enough curve to their wings to provide lift.

Beak

All birds have beaks, or bills, made of a bony core surrounded by a thin layer of keratin. Birds do not have true teeth, but many species have tomia -- sharp ridges along the edges of their beaks.

Skeleton

Most birds have lightweight skeletons with hollow bones. This keeps them light enough for flight.

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian School

(by Tayis Dogancioglu)

Made by Stefania Rusescu from "George Calinescu" Secondary School, Onesti, Romania/ Lacrimioara Sabareanu

FOOD

The different types of foods birds naturally eat include:

Insects, worms, and grubs.

Seeds, grasses, and plant material.

Nectar and pollen.

Nuts, fruit, and berries.

Rodents, snakes, and other small animals.

Mert İNCE, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

GROWTH

Internal fertilization is seen in birds. Sperm and egg cells combine in the body of the female organism. Eggs are formed in the female bird's body. Fertilized eggs are left outside the body of the female organism and hatched to protect the eggs.

Birds look at their offspring. External development is seen, egg proliferate. They do not transfigure during their development.

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School Turkey

HEALTH

One healthy bird has lively eyes and beautiful lush, glossy, plumage. The quality of feathers is directly related to the adequate nutritional potential of the diet and the inheritance of the parents.

Raised plumage indicates a bird that cools down. It lifts its plumage to create more insulation in its body and to lower the low temperature produced by its sick and weak body in order to stay warm.

Birds that come alive and have a smooth and firm plumage should be the birds that will get us the attention and look even more closely.

Chris and Vlassis - 3rd Primary School of Pallini

It is important to know a few basic things about the digestive system of chickens in order to care for them properly. Hens do not eat and digest as much as we humans do. It they are grown outdoors, they will find the pebbles to swallow for optimal functioning of the pipette.

Seftiuc Luca, George Calinescu Secondary School, Onesti, Romania / Sabareanu Lacrimioara 

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOLL

HEALTH

The birds cage should be as large as possible.

The cage should be protected from non-toxic materials and easy to clean.The size of the bird when the whole body of the bird is stretched.

Using large bowls instead of deep bowls makes the food more appealing and more encouraging for birds to eat.

Stainless steel terracotta and hard plastic materials are resistant to cleaning and disinfection required for birds' health.

Birds kept indoors and exposed to varying diets require beak nail and feather care.

Just like humans,birds may have health problems intervene early and take your bird to the vet.

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOOL

DISTRIBUTION

Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Most of the 60 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just 14 species can be found-2 in North America, 9 in Central and South America, and 3 in Australia. 

B.B., Juste A., Martynas,

Raseiniai Saltinis Progymnasium, Lithuania

HABITAT

Birds; they live in tree branches, chimneys, lake shores and high rocks. Birds are varied and each has its own place by nature.

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School Turkey

By Vassilis , 3rd Primary School of Pallini

Birds live in diverse habitats: deserts, mountains, forests, tundras, near the bodies of water, etc. A lot of birds never leave their living places, the others migrate to warmer countries when the weather changes. Migrations may be tens of thousands of kilometers long.

The golden eagle is mainly found in Europe and Asia. In Greece we find it in the mountains (e.g. Pindos) and on the islands (e.g. Crete). They build their nests in steep cliffs that are not easy to reach other predators or man.

Vassilis, Dionysis, Alexandros and Gregory

3rd Primary School of Pallini

CARES

Well-washed green vegetables, and fruits may supplement the diet. Never feed avocado because it is poisonous to birds.

Give birds fresh water daily.

Keep food containers off the floor.

Keep their cage clean.

Check its beak, nails, and feet.

Efecan ELİBOL, TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

Taking Care Of a Pet Bird Is Important. Pet birds are different than cats and dogs, but they are not any more difficult to keep healthy. The right pet bird diet, a clean cage, fresh bird food and water, safe bird toys, exercise, and lots of attention are the basics.

Pet bird cages should have plenty of space for activity and a grate to separate your pet bird from the substrate.

Gözde TAŞKAN, KIBRIS ŞEHİTLERİ SECONDARY SCHOOL / Class 6A

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Nineteen percent of the species is already on the red list and another ten percent will be in a short time. In Switzerland, according to the national section, the situation is even more serious: 99 percent of the species is on the red list and once the common birds are in sharp decline such as the lapwing, the turtle dove that belongs to the family of doves (10%) and the pipit.

Cleo, Eduard, Chiara, Eros - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

Some bird species have disappeared in our country in recent years due to various reasons. Authorities list endangered bird species: Red-billed Chough, Griffon Vulture, Little Kestrel, Rock Bunting, Goldfinch, Finch, Black Redstart, Little Vulture, Starling, Little Hawk, Kestrel, Nightingale, House Swallow , Bunting, Red-backed Shrike, Cattle Tit, Bearded Vulture, Small Eagle, Black Water Bird species are in danger.

ENDANGERED SPECIES

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Ebubekir,Özgür,M.Mustafa,İremsu,TURKEY

By Apostolis , 3rd Primary School of Pallini

DOG

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The dog evolved from the gray wolf into more than 400 distinct breeds. Dogs’ shapes and sizes vary a lot . The different breeds may look very different from each other but all dogs have the same anatomic features. Dogs have two sets of teeth. Dogs rarely chew their food. They gulp or swallow it. Their body has 319 bones. Most breeds of dogs are running animals.

Dogs have the same five senses as humans. Their sense of smell is by far better than that of humans. Also, their hearing is excellent but they generally have poor colour perception. There are three basic types of hair: short, medium and long. Dogs come in a wide variety of colours, too.

(18th Elementay school of Kalamata, Greece)

FOOD

It is likely that on more than one occasion you have stopped to think if that food that you are about to give your dog is beneficial for your best friend or not.It is well known that it is not recommended to give jelly beans, chocolate or beer to dogs. Dogs are carnivorous animals. Being carnivorous does not mean that dogs eat meat exclusively but that the dog’s diet is meat based. Dogs can eat yogurt, pumpkin, cheese, carrots, ice cream, salmon, avocado butter, candy.

Luis, Travis, Fausto, Alessandro - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

The foods they eat are differend from us dogs the not consume sugary and coffeine contaning foods   they consume the remaining bones after eating meat 

Elçin Ceyhan Şehitler S.S

Dogs eat different food from vegetables to bones.

Raw meaty bones provide several important health benefits such as keeping teeth and gums healthy.

Bones must always be given raw (uncooked). Never feed your dog cooked bones as these can splinter, causing internal damage and diseases.

Sasha, 7A

Lozova, Secondary School 12, Ukraine

Dogs prefer the taste and odor of meat over grains. Avoid dog food containing corn.

Warming dog food will intensifies its smell, If you are trying to feed dry food, add some warm water to the food to soften it. Only feed your dog twice a day.

A dog can go without food for around three weeks, although this isn't recommended and they will get very thin. However, water is essential.

Beren Şen , TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

GROWTH

Puppies are born blind and deaf, with both their eyes and ears sealed shut. For their first two weeks of life, newborn pups experience the world entirely through touch and smell. During the third week their eyes and ears open. By the third week, they begin taking their first clumsy steps.The fourth week, puppies begin forming emotional attachments and bonds with the people around them.

Eylül Hande BÖLÜK ,TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

HEALTH

If your dog is not very hungry or active it may be ill. Does it vomit? Has it got diarrhea? Does it urinate more (or less) frequently? Does it cough and sneeze? Has it got a discharge from the eyes, ears, or nose? Does it lose its hair or has it got itchy areas on the skin or around the ears? Is it stiff or lame? If your dog shows any of these signs for more than a day or two, a visit with your veterinarian is a good idea.

Adult dogs should have a complete veterinary examination at least once a year. Puppies need a visit to the vet usually every 3 to 4 weeks until they are about 4 months old. Older dogs (older than 7 to 8 years old) should see their vet twice a year or more frequently.

(18th Elementary school of Kalamata, Greece)

DISTRIBUTION

Dogs live all around the World, but you can't find them at the South Pole because it's too cold

class 1D

Cuneo-Italy

HABITAT

Dogs live in many habitats like prairies, deserts, grasslands, forests, rain forests, coastal regions and arctic zones. Dogs are highly adaptable. Some have evolved for specific environments, for example they have developed heavy coats to live in freezing climates.

(18th Elementary school of Kalamata, Greece)

CARES

The first thing you have to do once you get a dog is to visit a vet. The vet will do all the necessary vaccinations to make sure the dog will be healthy.

Any informed pet shop can advise you on a good feed for your dog’s needs. What you have to do is to keep your dog’s weight steady.

Your dog needs grooming so that it stays pretty and healthy. You have to give it a bath, take care of its fur, brush it, clean its teeth and ears and cut its nails.  You will need an appropriate brush for your dog’s fur. Do not

give your dog a bath every week. It is important to brush it first in order to detangle the hair.

Mariasi, Elena, Amalia, Kalliope, E1, 3rd Primary School of Pallini - Greece

*First of all, it is important to know that all dogs, regardless of the size of a dog, need regular training. Dogs will be happy to take you to a park or outdoor area.

* If you have a female dog, you must separate it from male dogs during rutting to keep it from random mating.

*If you have taken the puppy, it should be up to ten weeks when you leave your siblings. In this way, his mother and siblings will learn skills such as play, nutrition.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Ahmet Ağca,Parizod,Hatice,TURKEY

* If your dog's bed is covered with a warm blanket, he will get used to it immediately.

*If you have a puppy, you must provide toilet training.

* Your dog's food and water container should be ceramic or stainless steel. You should wash the dishes every day because germs will grow on food residues.

*You should learn from your veterinarian how to cut your dog's nails.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Ahmet Ağca,Parizod,Hatice,TURKEY

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOOL

* In case your dog is on a leash, you should wear a tag with a telephone number. Modern chips are also available.

* It is known that the puppy of growing age needs watery food four times a day. These can be scrambled eggs, boiled fish or prepared puppy dog food.

* Dogs occasionally need a bath, but you should only wipe the puppies with a warm, wet cloth.

*Some dogs need to be trimmed. This should be done by professional dog groomers.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Ahmet Ağca,Parizod,Hatice,TURKEY

Dogs need to move and exercise. If they don't move, they lose their joy and health.

They shouldn't be washed very often.

Their kennel should be cleaned every day.

Cushion should be taken out daily.

The inside of the shed must be swept away.

Şeyma Sultan BIÇAK , TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

By Vassilis , 3rd Primary School of Pallini

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Unfortunately, a lot of dog species are in danger of extinction. Some examples are:

Irish red and white setter

Curly coated retriever.

Bloodhound.

English toy terrier.

Smooth collie.

Gordon setter.

Glen of Imaal terrier.

Field spaniel.

TIGER

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The tiger is a powerful and colorful species of big cat. An adult tiger can grow as long as 13 feet (4m) and weigh up to 650 pounds (296kgs). The females are usually smaller than the males.They have two types of hair--guard hair and underfur. The guard hair is long in length and protects the skin. The underfur is shorter and traps air in order to insulate.The tiger uses his powerful jaw to trap and kill prey.

During the nighttime, the tiger can see six times more clearly than humans.

Kuzey BOZAK , TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

The beautiful mantle of tigers is their distinctive feature.

The back has a colour that varies from reddish, orange and other colours and it is crossed by black and dark gray stripes.

the weight in males of the biggest tiger subspecies, the Siberian tiger, is over 300 kilogrammes.

Karim, Como Rebbio Primary School, Italy

FOOD

 As much as possible, tigers prefer large prey such as sambar, gaur and buffalo. Because a big prey means more meat, it lasts longer and eliminates the need for another prey. The tiger takes his prey to a secret place and manages it for days. Tigers are the highest predators in their range and do not fight for any other animal for food, except the dhole (wild indian dog), which closes its weakness with numbers. They don't attack big animals like rhinos unless they have to.

Vedat Batu GÖKÇE , TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

Tigers eat other animals like pigs, cows, horses, buffalos, goats, zebras, peacocks, rabbits, wolves and crocodiles.

Gözde TAŞKAN, KIBRIS ŞEHİTLERİ SECONDARY SCHOOL / Class 6A

Tigers do not discriminate about their food.They can hunt all kinds of animals they come across.

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOOL

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School Turkey

GROWTH

Male tigers are longer and heavier than females.

There are also tigers who can reach 550 kg.

The average height of male tigers can reach up to 3 meters, while the average length of female tigers can reach up to 2.5 meters.

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOOL

HEALTH

The tigers' legs are so strong that they survive even when they die. Tigers are completely blind in the first week of their lives. The saliva of tigers is an antiseptic liquid that prevents the growth of microorganisms. Rough tongues are almost like sandpaper, helping to decompose meat while eating meat. Tigers can jump forward over 6 meters. When they jump, they can go up to 5 meters high.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Faik,M.Yağız,Elifnur,Şeyma,TURKEY

DISTRIBUTION

Tigers are native to Asia, and historically they had a distribution from the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea to Siberia in the north and Indonesia and even in Borneo and the Philippines in the south, populating most of Asia and the Indian subcontinent. However, their distribution range has reduced dramatically in just one century.

At present, its distribution only includes Southeast Asia, India, some Russian regions and western China. In short, it is an Asian animal, found only in 13 or 14 countries including China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, Malaysia, Cambodia, Burma, Russia, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal and perhaps North Korea.

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

(by Rakel Şirin)

HABITAT

The tiger lives in the rainforest, specially, in tropical rainforests like in Asia.

The rainforest is full of flowering plants (two-thirds of it) and the floors are covered in nutrient rich leaf litter, which decomposes into fertile soil for the plants. It’s humid, warm (between 21-30 degrees) and wet because in the rainforest rains a lot.

The tigers live in caves. Tigers sleep on rocks, in grass in their wild habitat, next to their prey or wherever they feel the need to rest. There is a reduced number that live in captivity, like in zoos.

CARES

Taking care of a tiger is a huge responsibility, demanding considerable resources and commitment. Unlike house cats, which have been domesticated over thousands of years, tigers are wild cats and can be unpredictable and potentially dangerous. Tigers also have dietary requirements unlike that of the regular house cat; tigers require fresh meat to survive.

Just like all, tigers are great mothers and they can take care of their young very well.

Dina Yelegen, Private Armenian Sahakyan Nunyan School

(by Rakel Şirin)

ENDANGERED SPECIES

Until the 20th Century there were nine tiger subspecies with probably over 100.000 animals. Now there are 5 or 6 tiger subspecies remaining in existence, All are endangered. All tiger subspecies put together today count fewer than 3.000 endangered tigers remaining in the wild.

The main reasons that tigers are endangered are illegal hunting, loss of habitat that results from logging and other forms of forest destruction, conflicts with humans who settle in areas where tigers live and climate change.

(18th Elementary school of Kalamata, Greece)

SEA TURTLE

Made by Stefania Rusescu from "George Calinescu" Secondary School, Onesti, Romania/ Lacrimioara Sabareanu

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Sea Turtles weigh of 33-900 kg lenghts of about 51 cm to 1.8m. Sea turtles are characterized by a large, streamlined shell and non-retactile head and limbs. Limbs are flippers adapted for swimming. A sea turtle's large, bony shell provides protection from predation and abrasion. The top side of the shell is called the carapace.

Nihat Berk Yengeç

TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

FOOD

Each sea turtle species feeds on a specific diet and all lack teeth. Loggerheads feed mainly on hard-shelled organisms such as lobsters, crustaceans, and fish. Green turtles are vegetarian and prefer sea grasses, while leatherbacks feed mostly on jellyfish. Hawksbills have a bird-like beak that is used to cut through soft coral, anemones and sea sponges. Olive ridleys are omnivorous, mostly eating jellyfish, snails, crabs, and shrimp but they will occasionally eat algae and seaweed as well.

Berhan VAR - TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

GROWTH

The growth rate of loggerhead sea turtles of Mediterranean origin is faster than that of the sea turtles with an Atlantic origin. The age at maturity for Mediterranean origin loggerhead sea turtles is 24 years, which suggests that loggerhead sea turtles nesting in the Mediterranean are not only smaller than those nesting in the western North Atlantic but also younger.

(18th Elementary school of Kalamata)

HEALTH

There are some illnesses that turtles can get which are very serious and your turtle should go to the vet immediately if they catch them.

One of the most dangerous illnesses is a respiratory infection. Until you can get your turtle to the vet, keep the water temperature very high. This will help the turtle's body fight the infection. Turtles can't regulate their body temperatures, so we have to do it for them.

Besides, turtle can drown. In this case, do not turn the turtle upside-down. They may have a little air left in their lungs, and turning the turtle upside-down could take away their last chance to live.

Instead, carefully set the turtle down on a flat surface and gently, but firmly push its front legs in and out. If there is water in the lungs, pushing the turtle's legs in and out may help push it back out.  

Other conditions that require a call or trip to the vet include:

Falls or other accidents that break the shell. Serious cuts .Injuries to the eyes or head. Blood coming from the turtle's mouth, nose, or vent. Vomiting or diarrhea that happens more than once in an hour.

Aian, Daniele, Diego, Angelo - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

DISTRIBUTION

Sea turtles spend most of their lives in transcontinental seas. Male individuals never go out of the sea, females only go to the beach to lay eggs. Male and female sea turtles in breeding period, leaving the feeding area, close to the nesting area and come to mating area.When the hatching reaches the sea, it swims with enthusiasm for reaching the open oceans. The little sea turtle, which has survived the predators, begins a new life where currents meet and find food. When the sea turtle reaches maturity, it continues to swim for miles until it reaches the beach where it hatched again to lay its eggs.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by Ahmet Kapucu,Eylül Beril,Selim Emir,Azra Çakar,TURKEY

HABITAT

Turtles of dry living generally in temperate and subtropical areas being strongly influenced by the ambient temperature because they are cold-blooded animals.

Denisa Oprea, George Calinescu Secondary School, Onesti, Romania / Sabareanu Lacrimioara

DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOOL

CARES

In the Adriatic Sea there are three types of sea turtles.

Sea turtles are one of the most endangered groups of marine organisms today. All three species are strictly protected in Croatia. The main reasons for the threat to sea turtles in the Adriatic Sea are: incidental catches in fisheries, collisions with ships and pollution of the sea. Sea turtles have been living in the world's seas for over 110 million years.

Nina & Lana, 1st Primary School Bjelovar, Croatia

Humans generally love turtles and want to have a one of them. But they don’t know how to take care of it. Now, I will explain processes of caring of a turtle.

First, we should find a medium case for put our turtle in. Then we should fill water into the case.  We should change the water of case once a day because if we not change it, it will start smelling badly. Secondly, brushing turtle’s shell is important for its cleaning. We should use a special toothbrush with shampoo for brushing. Don’t forget to not use your own toothbrush.  We should feed a turtle three times in a day. We can feed it with vegetable or meat.  

My turtle eats usually meat. I guess, its habit is eating meat because it doesn’t like vegetables much. So, my turtle eats meat it become bigger every day. Until now I explained must things but now, I will explain how you have a good time with your turtle. If your home has a garden you can take your turtle for a walk in your garden. If your home doesn’t have a garden don’t worry about it. You can put a turtle just on floor and turtle can walk by itself. Getting out from case may good for your turtle’s mental health. After some time, your turtle may get bored and you can put your turtle in the case again. More info about turtles is they are insensitive. They don’t have feeling.

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

(by Andre Lukas Demirci)

ENDANGERED SPECIES

The sea turtle is an endangered species. It is known as Caretta - Caretta.

Their path to life begins with many enemies such as crabs, seagulls, fish, rodents but also dangers such as human activities on the beaches and the sea. Only 1 in 1000 turtles will survive to adulthood!

We will meet it swimming in all the lengths and widths of the Greek seas, but the special importance of our country lies in hosting some of the most important beaches for breeding and nesting in the Mediterranean.

Maria, Apostolis, Alexandros, 3rd Primary School of Pallini

The main threats facing Greece according to Caretta-caretta are the ecological degradation of the ecosystems that host it, such as: residential and tourist development of nesting beaches, artificial lighting that disoriented the young, erosion of beaches and climate change that threatens coastal and coastal habitats. The trapping of fishing gear (nets), the injuries from speed boats and the deliberate killing by some fishermen are some additional anthropogenic hazards.

ARCHELON- the Sea Turtle Protection Society of Greece aims at the protection of sea turtles and their habitats. A number of activities with regard to sea turtle conservation have been tested and developed through the years. At the same time, our activities are bringing us close to small and big environmental and societal issues.

Maria, Apostolis and Alexandros , 3rd Primary School of Pallini

Sea turtles are an endangered species. Many turtle species are included in International Red Book. The main causes of extinction are:

* human hunting;

* turtles are the food of other predators;

* fishing nets, boat propellers;

* pollution of the living environment.

Asian turtles are most at risk of extinction. Turtle soup and sea turtle eggs are widespread as a delicacy. Information on the number of sea turtle species is very inaccurate. Turtles are constantly disappearing in all regions. Scientists and volunteers are working to protect the sea turtles. They monitor sea turtles and take action when they are in danger.

Livija, Greta, Gabija V., Raseiniai Saltinis Progymnasium, Lithuania

BEAR

Serap SONAL Şehitler Secondary School TURKEY

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Bears are carnivora mammals of the

family Ursidae. Common characteristics

of modern bears include large bodies

with stocky legs, long snouts, small

rounded ears, shaggy hair, plantigrade

paws with five nonretractile claws, and

short tails.

Valeriya Popova, Lozova Secondary School 12, Ukraine (7th form)

FOOD

Bears are very opportunistic eaters. Most of their diet consists of grasses, roots, berries and insects. They also eat fish and mammals including carrion and easily develop a taste for human food.During the denning period, bears do not usually eat or drink, though some bears have been observed leaving their winter dens and feeding on winter-killed animals.

Merve İnal TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE, TURKEY

Usually bears are known as beef. From spring to the end of autumn, the body can eat as much food as it can to store fat, because it will burn these oils while sleeping in winter. Although the bear is carnivorous in biological classification, it often behaves like a herbivorous, for example, it loves green grass, and sometimes a bear is observed to quietly graze for hours in spring blooming meadows. The bear likes to shoot forest mushrooms and forest and swamp nuts such as raspberries, blueberries and blackberries.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by İdil Su,Fatma Ahsen,Emir Talha,Ata BerkTURKEY

When he sees a field of barley or oats, he cannot withstand, rushes in and plows the crop. How much he loves honey is generally known.Insects, especially ants and caterpillars, are among the main dishes of the bear table. In order to find insects, the bear overturns rotten trees and stumps and removes large rocks. When it can be found, it eats fish, frogs, lizards, mice and birds. He could kill a big moose, even a boar. They don't usually attack people, but they are always likely to chop and eat pets.

23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School,by İdil Su,Fatma Ahsen,Emir Talha,Ata BerkTURKEY

GROWTH

They are weaned t the age of one and a half,but their mothers protect them until they are big enough to defend themselves.This may take up to three years.The brothers usually continue their association for a year or two after leaving their mothers.Female offspring stay closer to their mothers region.Bears breastfeed their offspring up to 3 and a half months after birth.Then they teach their offspring the art of hunting.

 DİLEK ÇELİK

BARBAROS SECONDARY SCHOOL

Feeding Bear

  Bears are omnivorous animals in the strictest sense of the world, food being of both animal and vegetable origin.

   Can be feed for a long time exclusively of all kinds, berries seeds grains roots leaves succulent grasses buds of trees and honey bees.

Bulaiasa Leonard, George Calinescu Secondary School, Onesti, Romania / Sabareanu Lacrimioara 

HEALTH

Bear health hazards:

- wire fences between Asia and Europe

- leaving food and waste in the forest

- destruction of natural habitat

- poaching - many pups are left alone and cannot feed without their mother

- climate changes.

Dominik, Patricija & Ivona, 1st Primary School Bjelovar, Croatia

Why bears can be obese and healthy

Bears put on huge amounts of fat, but don't suffer from heart problems and diabetes.

Bear a fascinating animal. It spends up to six months a year hibernating, sleeping outdoors without food or drink. That feat in a heavy mammal requires a large amount of stored energy.

So bears have to use the summer half of the year to get as plump as possible. But contrary to us, they do not seem to risk the strong association we face between overweightness and insulin resistance and other obesity health problems. 

Dina Yelegen, Private Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian Secondary School

(by Meryem Öksün)

DISTRIBUTION

Bears are found in North America, South America, Asia and Europe. The Atlas bear, a subspecies of the brown bear, was the only bear native to Africa and was distributed from Morocco to Libya. There are no bears in Australia or Antarctica.

The most widespread species is the brown bear, which occurs from Western Europe eastwards through Asia to the western areas of North America. Polar bears are restricted to the area of the Arctic Ocean and the American black bear is found only in North America. 

All the remaining species are Asian. 

Giamira, Samantha, Thomas - ICS Como Rebbio - Italy

HABITAT

Brown bears can be found in many habitats, from the fringes of deserts to high mountain forests and ice fields. In Europe, the brown bear is mostly found in mountain woodlands, in Siberia it occurs primarily in forests while in North America they prefer tundra, alpine meadows and coastlines. The species' main requirements are areas with dense cover in which they can shelter by day.

Eylül Güney

TED ALİAĞA COLLEGE

CARES

At the Zoo, animal keepers are responsible for the physical well-being of the bears in their care. While they never actually go into the space with the bears for safety reasons, they are able to interact with them. Find out how they keep the bears active, and engaged in enrichment activities to make sure the bears develop behaviors, like foraging for food.

Matas and Kajus

Raseiniai Saltinis Progymnasium, Lithuania

The most important cause of extinction is poaching and widespread use of poison baits. Both lead to the killing of the animal.

The main reason for this is human interference with the construction of large roads, the unreasonable opening of forest roads, illegal logging, fires, the installation of wind turbines and dams. An indication of the problem is that since 2003 more than 50 bears have been killed in traffic accidents.

To be continued to next page...

Dimitris, Alexandros, Fotis and Sotiris

3rd Primry school of Pallini - Greece

ENDANGERED SPECIES

LEGISLATION ON ANIMALS IN OUR COUNTRIES

Elif Tepe, 23 Nisan Kaptanoğlu Primary School/Turkey

Greece

The first article of the new law stipulates that an animal is any living organism that senses and moves on land, air and sea or any other aquatic ecosystem or wetland.

Main principals:

1. No one should cause a pet to feel pain, suffering or anxiety.

2. No one should abandon a pet.

3. Every person who has a pet or is willing to take care of it, must be responsible for its health and fitness.

4. Every person who has or deals with a pet must provide it with facilities, care and attention that take into account its habits, according to his species and breed. And mostly:

(a) to supply it with adequate supply of food and water;

(b) provide him with appropriate training opportunities;

(c) take all reasonable steps to prevent him from escaping.

5. Only a veterinarian or other competent person may kill a pet, except in urgent cases to end the suffering of an animal and if the assistance of a veterinarian or other competent person cannot be carried out quickly or for any other reason. emergency, provided for by national law.

7. Each person who chooses an animal for breeding must be obliged to take into account the anatomical, physiological and behavioral characteristics of such a nature as to endanger the health and well-being of children or females. .

8.No pet should be sold to persons under the age of 16 without the consent of their parents or guardians.

9.It is forbidden to keep and stay pets in public areas of the apartment building. But with the consent of the other tenants, it is permitted to have the garden, the uncovered and the pilot of the apartment building.

Every animal owner must:

a) It ensures that the animal's faeces are immediately cleaned of the environment by using small bags to remove them.

b) He has chip-marked and recorded his data with a digital ID.

c) Inoculate the animal and perform regular veterinary checks.

d) Have the animal neutered if it cannot meet the needs of the animals born or make available to new owners. Discarding newborn animals in buckets or anywhere else is prosecuted.

e) To accompany the animal or anyone else in its place on the daily walk to have immediate control.

3rd Primary school of Pallini - E Graders

Drawings by the students at the

18th ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

of KALAMATA, GREECE

Drawings by the

students at the

18th ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

of KALAMATA, GREECE

Italy

The Ministero della Salute (Ministry of Health) leads the government response to animal welfare.  

Each province has an official appointed to the Office of Animal Rights (Ufficio Diritti Animali). This role is primarily concerned with reducing the numbers of abandoned pets and addressing stray animal issues.

Animal welfare measures are implemented through the National Plan on Animal Welfare, which focuses on farm animal welfare.

 The Integrated National Plan has four strategic objectives, including the protection of public health and animal welfare, and an operational objective to improve protection of animal welfare during rearing, transport and slaughter, including the training of operators.  The Integrated National Plan recognises that it is necessary to improve the training of veterinarians and farmers in areas related to animal welfare, and it stipulates the competent authorities at local, regional and national levels.

Veterinary services are responsible for carrying out checks on the application of the rules concerning animal welfare

Law 14 August 1991, n. 281

It is called a framework law on the protection of pets and the prevention of stray dogs. With the issue of this law, Italy has become the first country in the world to recognize the right to life and protection of stray animals, prohibiting their suppression except in cases of serious diseases, incurable diseases or proven danger.

and reporting annually on the results of such activities to the regions and autonomous provinces, which in turn transmit the aggregated data to the Ministry. The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with the National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, carries out regular assessments and, if necessary, additional operational tools such as checklists and guidelines. The results of the monitoring are published in annual reports by the Ministry. The Ministry carries out audits at the veterinary services of local courts and direct inspections in breeding facilities and during transport to verify the correct application of the legislation.

Law 14 August 1991, n. 281

It is called a framework law on the protection of pets and the prevention of stray dogs. With the issue of this law, Italy has become the first country in the world to recognize the right to life and protection of stray animals, prohibiting their suppression except in cases of serious diseases, incurable diseases or proven danger.

Art. 544-bis. (Killing animals)

1. Anyone who causes the death of an animal for cruelty or unnecessarily is punished with imprisonment from three months to eighteen months four months to two years.

Art. 544-ter. (Animal abuse)

1. Anyone who, for cruelty or unnecessarily, causes an injury to an animal or subjects it to torture or behavior or to work or work unbearable for its ethological characteristics is punished with imprisonment from three months to one year or a fine.

Art. 544-quater. (Forbidden shows or events)

1. Unless the event constitutes a more serious offense, anyone who organizes or promotes shows or demonstrations involving torture or torture of animals is punished with imprisonment from four months to two years and a fine of 3,000 to. 15,000 euros.

Art. 544-quinquies. (Ban on animal fighting)

1. Anyone who promotes, organizes or directs unauthorized fighting or competitions between animals that can endanger their physical integrity is punished with imprisonment for one to three years and a fine of between 50,000 and 160,000 euros. The penalty increased 

Croatia

ANIMAL PROTECTION ACT

http://prijatelji-zivotinja.hr/index.en.php?id=2058

PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS

Subject of the Act

Article 1

This Act lays down the responsibility and obligations of natural and legal persons for the protection of animals during use, including the protection of life, health and welfare, manner of handling animals, animal protection requirements to be complied with during their handling, breeding, performing procedures on animals, at time of killing, transport, use of animals for scientific purposes, keeping animals in zoos, circuses and other performances, during the sale of pet animals and the handling of abandoned and lost animals, inspection supervision and misdemeanour provisions.

PART TWO

FUNDAMENTAL PROVISIONS ON ANIMAL PROTECTION

Prohibited conduct for the purpose of animal protection

Article 5

(1) It is prohibited to kill animals, subject them to pain, suffering and injury, and intentionally expose them to fear or disease, contrary to the provisions of this Act.

(2) It is prohibited to:

1. raise animals in a way that causes them pain, suffering and fear and to intentionally injure them, contrary to the rules of the profession and the latest scientific developments,

PART SIX

PROTECTION OF PET ANIMALS

Sale or gifting of pet animals

Article 50

(1) The sale of pet animals to minors is prohibited.

(2) Minors are prohibited from taking pets from shelters for the purpose of their care or adoption.

(3) A seller in a pet shop, or the seller of cats or dogs, and the manager of a shelter or person giving away pets for adoption or care may request public identification of the person to whom the animal is being sold or gifted to prove the age of the person, in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.

(4) If the person to whom the animal is being sold or gifted cannot prove their age in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, the pet animal may not be sold or gifted.

Conditions for the keeping of pet animals

Article 51

(1) Pet animals must be ensured keeping conditions in line with their needs.

(2) It is prohibited to keep and handle a pet animal in a manner that poses a risk to the health and safety of other animals and people, in particular children and animals.

(3) The movements of pet animals in a manner that poses a risk to the health and safety of other animals and people, in particular children and animals are prohibited.

(4) It is prohibited to keep dogs constantly tethered, or to keep them in areas for the separate keeping of dogs without enabling their free movement outside that area.

(5) The conditions and manner of keeping pet animals from paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of this Article are prescribed in the general acts of representative bodies of local self-government units.

Training of pet animals

Article 53

(1) The owner of a pet animal must ensure that the pet animal is not a danger to the environment, through adequate training or other measures with regard to the keeping and movements of the pet animal.

PART NINE

PROTECTION OF ABANDONED AND LOST ANIMALS

Article 67

(1) The owner of a lost pet animal is obliged to report the loss to an animal shelter within 3 days, and also, in the case of a lost dog, to the veterinary organisation or veterinary clinic authorized to keep the Register of pet animals within 14 days of the loss of the dog.

(2) A person finding an abandoned or lost animal is obliged to inform an animal shelter thereof within three days of finding the animal, unless the animal has already been returned to its owner within that time period.

(3) An animal shall not be housed in a shelter if it is possible upon finding the animal to determine its owner and the animal is immediately returned to its owner, unless the owner does not immediately come for the animal.

(4) By way of derogation from paragraph 1 of this Article, an animal is not returned to its owner if the owner has stated their rejection of the animal, or it can be otherwise ascertained without doubt that the animal has been abandoned.

TURKEY

Animal Rights in Turkey

1) The ecosystems of animals

their biological, physical and chemical relationships with their environment.

system

2) Species called species and mating with each other and reproductive ability

to ensure the presence of populations capable of fertile fertilization.

3) Pets are cultured and trained by humans

animals are not subjected to negative treatment at home.

Serap Sonal TURKEY

4) No owner, no place to shelter, or the owner or guardian's home
and control of any owner or guardian located outside the territory of
or the protection of pets that are not under direct control.
5) Except infectious and epidemic animal diseases of fallen animals
due to various reasons such as aging, injury, injury and illness
how to treat passenger and cargo animals that have lost the ability to do so

Serap SONAL TURKEY

6) To ensure the survival of wild animals, nature in free
non-domesticated and non-cultured vertebrate and invertebrate animals
prevent negative impact
7) Domestic and ornamental animals, especially at home, in the workplace or on the land
care or maintenance intended to be maintained and
the protection of all kinds of animals undertaken by the owners.

Serap Sonal TURKEY

8) Experimental animals, during the experiment of any animal pain, torment,
for experimental or other scientific purposes that may cause sadness or long-term damage.
Making use of controlled
  9) Educational broadcasts and TRT and private television channels
programs at least two hours a month, private radio channels programs at least a month
Less than half an hour of educational publications is mandatory. 20% of these feeds are viewed
and resting hours.   

Serap Sonal Şehitler Secondary School TURKEY

ROMANIA

Law of animal protection

Law no. 205/2004 regarding the protection of animals is aimed at regulating measures to ensure the living and welfare of animals, with or without a keeper.

As social actions have become extremely aggressive, the law has begun to provide increasingly harsh penalties for violence against animals.

Thus, under Law no. 205/2004 regarding the protection of animals, constitute offenses of violence against animals that are punished with imprisonment from three months to one year or with the following fines:

1) The killing of animals (the action carried out in the guilt of the intention, without the law distinguishing between the direct and the indirect intention) without law;

2) Shooting on domestic animals or on captive wild animals;

3) Organization of fights between animals or animals;

4) Use of live animals for training other animals or for controlling aggression;

5) Injury or harassment of animals;

6)Surgical interventions designed to change the appearance of an animal, in the forms provided by law;

7) The use of vertebrate sub-animals, irrespective of the degree of tanning, born in captivity or captured from nature, in circus shows, traveling circuses, caravans and bands of traveling artists, as well as in any other similar shows.

In the event that a person is convicted of one of these offenses, the court may order the prohibition of holding animals for a period of one year to 5 years.

”George Calinescu” Secondary School, Onesti, Romania/ Lacrimioara Sabareanu

We decided that the most important rules are:



1. Cruel treatment of animals is prohibited.
2. Veterinary assistance if needed is a must.
3. Animal combats are prohibited.
4. Animal training mustn't cause pain, fear or stress.
5. Animals must get enough sleep, food and water.
6. Animals must be kept in suitable conditions for its breed.
7. Stray and homeless animals mustn't be rendered.