Childhood

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in1881 in Selonica.His mother's name was  Zübeyde, his father's name was Ali Rıza and Makbule was his sister.Firstly, he went to the religious school for a short time and later he registered to Şemsi Efendi Shool.After his father's death in 1888, they went to his uncle's farm and lived there for a while.He had a happy life in there but he had to come  back to Selonica and  finish his school.He was a harworking student and especially, he was good at maths.Because of his success  at maths, his maths teacher gave him his  second name 'Kemal'.After that he called as Mustafa Kemal.

Melahat Ünügür Secondary School

Education      

    Atatürk started the Hafiz Mehmet Efendi's Neighbourhood School in 1887 and he left from there three days later. After that, he started Semsi Efendi Elementary School. He learned to read and write in this school. He attended this school 6 years. This school was very important for his education. Because, It was the most modern school in the Selanik at that time period. He had to leave   school in 1893 because his father died. He had to go to his uncle farm with his mother and sister. Salonika Military Middle School is the 3rd school of Atatürk went. He was a student in this school until 1894.After he finished school he went to Salonika Military Junior High School.

DEU 75. Yıl Private Primary School

     After his father's death , his family had to move his uncle . They lived together for a while , but then they returned to  Saloniko Junior High School for civil servants but Mustafa ,his name was just Mustafa . His math teacher added him, Kemal because of his talent and intelligence. Mustafa Kemal was hardworking student . He graduated from there with good grade.  After attending the Monastır Military High School between 1896 and 1899, he started his education at the Military Academy. The Monastery Military High School exists in Macedonia's Monastery and is now used as a museum. Mustafa Kemal entered the Military College in Istanbul on March 13, 1899. Atatürk, who spent his first year at the Military Academy  successfully passed his exams and started his second year. After three years of successful military education, he graduated from this school on February 10, 1902 with the rank of lieutenant.

Education

Road to success

By the early 20th century, the Turkish people were in dire straits. After centuries of decline, the Ottoman Empire had allied itself with Germany, which eventually pulled it into World War I. As the war came to an end, victorious European armies occupied Istanbul, planning to partition the former empire and dole out the pieces to their allies. In 1919, the Greeks took the city of İzmir and began pushing toward Istanbul. With lightning speed, the war hero Kemal gathered an army to defend Turkish territory. Over a three-year period, he chased out French and Italian troops and repelled the Greek invasion. With the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, the Ottoman Empire was history, the Turkish Republic was born, and Mustafa Kemal became the most beloved Turkish leader in centuries. The National Assembly elected Mustafa Kemal as the first President of the Republic, and dubbed him Atatürk — "Father of the Turks." Rescuing his nation from the chopping block would have been enough, but Atatürk was far from finished.

,,Ștefan D. Luchian" Highschool, Ștefănești, Botoșani, ROMANIA

 Rarely in history has anyone exerted such power with such effect in so short a time. In less than 10 years, Atatürk... 

- aligned Turkey with the West rather than the East 

- separated religion and state (by removing Islam as the 

state religion and upholding civil law over Islamic law) 

- adopted the Western calendar 

- decreed that Turks should have surnames, similar to Western custom 

- changed the alphabet from Arabic script to Roman letters 

- distanced Turkey from the corrupt Ottoman Empire by abolishing the sultanate and caliphate, and outlawing the fez and veil 

- abolished polygamy and emancipated women (by comparison, Swiss women received the vote in 1971).

,,Ștefan D. Luchian" Highschool, Ștefănești, Botoșani, ROMANIA

The Values Atatürk Attaches Importance to Life

Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; As an Ottoman officer, he served in many fronts and wars. providing for the establishment of Republic of Turkey's leading life there were many important value given.

First of all, honesty, diligence, respect for the state and the nation, and giving importance to reason and science were among these values. As well as the Republic of Turkey founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the country was very interested in the union before the beginning of everything.

In addition to all these, values such as independence, science, education and training activities, Turkish Language and Turkish History, honesty, diligence and good morals were very important to him.

Turhal Science and Art Center, TURKEY

Hobbies of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The hobbies of the heroic leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who is the greatest chance of the Turkish nation and who is known worldwide, are also very remarkable. He loved reading books, riding horses, dancing, watching flights and swimming. In addition to all these, he had a great interest in Rumelian folk songs, wrestling and zeybek dances that suit him very well. 

The great leader, who had a very rich library, was a very good reader. He has read books in many fields, especially social science, politics, science and biographies. Even at the front, he did not fail to read. On some days, it is known that he continues to read books without getting tired or even sleeping about the subjects he worked on and wanted to conclude.

Turhal Science and Art Center, TURKEY

He loved the sea very much. Especially during his stay in Florya, as can be seen from old photographs, it was his hobby to sail and row. Because of this hobby, there was even a shovel tool in the mansion. 

Hobbies of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

He had a very rare ear for music. He was knowledgeable about Alaturka, opera and folk music. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, an active and distinguished listener, initiated frequent concerts and demonstrated how much he valued art. In addition, he was also very interested in theater, which is one of the other branches of art.

Turhal Science and Art Center, TURKEY

Hobbies of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

There is no one who does not know the love of animals. Atatürk's dogs, who loved all animals, had a different place in his life. Their dogs Alp, Alber and Foks managed to be Ataturk's closest friends during their lifetime. 

Nature was where he listened to himself. For this reason, he would go to the Atatürk Forest Farm whenever he had the opportunity and personally participate in the work carried out to switch to modern agriculture. 

All of Atatürk's shirts were white. He would not wear any other color shirt. White shirts were first brought from Switzerland. Later, their shirts were sewn in Beyoğlu in order to support domestic production and consumption.

Turhal Science and Art Center, TURKEY

Things that Atatürk did not like.

1.Atatürk did not like to be called "Ata" at all.

2.There was no place for dark blue in his closet.

3.After the war fronts he spent most of his life, the years he spent as President felt like a life of isolation, thinking that he had moved away from his beloved people and a simple citizen life.

4.Atatürk was not at all pleasant with breakfast.

5.He didn't like gambling.

6.He didn't want unnecessary compliments to be given to him.

Turhal Science and Art Center, TURKEY

Vision of life/ Expectations

Kemal Atatürk was a peace lover. He shared a lot of messages in favor of a peaceful, equal and respectful world.

His vision of life was based on education, information and science.

- Equal rights for men, women, children…

- Social & juridical reforms 

- Educational & cultural reforms (science, freedrom, press, art…)

"If one day, my words are against science, choose science"

Collège des Hautes Vallées, FRANCE

How being famous affected his life

    Due to poor health, Ali-Riza, Mustafa's father, left his job and took over the timber trade, but failed: the family did not starve to death just because of the help of relatives.

    The father's pain also affected the children: of the six children, only Mustafa and his younger sister Makbule survived. The future Ataturk Mustafa invented not only a family name, but also a birthday - May 19, 1881 (on this day, many years later, the struggle for Turkish independence began).

    After graduating from the Ottoman General Staff Academy in Istanbul, a bright career awaited him, but he was prevented from being arrested on charges of belonging to a banned organization for young Turks. Mustafa was sent to a remote Syrian garrison, but again distinguished himself in service and was transferred back to Macedonia. There, in 1908, he took part in the Young Turkish Revolution against Sultan Abdul-Hamid and received a high position in the General Staff.

    His position involved business trips to European countries, after visiting Mustafa and even more he wanted to make his homeland as advanced and prosperous. But reforms ceased, and the Italians soon took Libya out of the empire.

    The army commanded by Atatürk won victories over the enemy, but they were thwarted by the cowardice and mediocrity of other commanders. This was repeated in the Balkan wars with the Bulgarians and Serbs, then in World War I, where the Ottoman regime joined Germany.

Vulcan Secondary School, ROMANIA

His opinions about people

Atatürk wanted people to be a generation that loves science and protects their homeland. Atatürk believed that every individual should live in peace and prosperity. He loved children very much and he thought that all people are equal. According to him,  human rights are important and should be defended.

Family life (marriage, children etc.)

Ataturk married only once, to Latife a multilingual, and self-confident woman who was educated in Europe. Mom: Zübeyde Hanim Dad: Ali Rıza Efendi Zübey Hanim’s first child was Fatma, then Ömer, later Ahmet was born. They all died in early childhood. Mustafa was the fourth child. Makbule followed him in 1885. Their sister Naciye was born in 1889. Naciye was lost to childhood tuberculosis.

 Atatürk had 8 sons and daughters. Abdrrahim (biological) Sabiha (adopted) Rukiye (adopted) Zehra (adopted) Afet (adopted) Fikriye (adopted) Ülkü (adopted) Nebile (?)

IE 3 D'abril - Móra la Nova, SPAIN

Involvement in charity events / Contributions to humanity

-Atatürk’s achievement was to amplify the common ground and put the country on a fast

track of reforms.

✧ The Surname Law

With the Surname Law enacted in 1934, it was accepted that every Turk should have a surname other than their own name and that this surname should be used after the name. In this way, each head of the family would carry a common surname to indicate the unity of the family they established. Every Turk now bears a surname belonging to the family to which they belong; the daughter took the surname of her husband when she got married. 

❁ The Equality of Woman and Man 

Atatürk has taken a humanitarian approach to women as well as to men, and has made modern breakthroughs that will ensure that women are equated with men in civil, political and cultural rights. ️

 The Dress/Clothing Revolution

The Dress Revolution is the regulation made by the law to make the clothes of the people suitable for contemporary clothing. 

 ☼ Hat Revolution                                                                                                                           

It is the sub-branch of Clothing Revolution. The aim is the same with the Dress Revolution. 

Fenerbahce Koleji, TURKEY

✏ New Turkish Alphabet Revolution

The Ottoman Turkish script was replaced by the new Turkish alphabet, which was based on Latin. 

-Atatürk loved to read books. He even read books during the war. He wrote many books. The    most well-known ones are '' NUTUK '' and '' GEOMETRY ''.

Ataturk supported the spread of Turkish history books and had foreign history books translated for them to be spread.                                                                                                     

-He provided the opening of the Atatürk Library. 

-He has opened schools, many of which can be attended by both girls and boys.

-He established the Institute of Turkic Studies.

-He enacted the Cabotage Law.

❁ Measurement Reforms (Calendar - Time - Metric)

•Turkey began to use Miladi calendar officially on 1 January 1926. 

•The clock system used by the contemporary world was accepted instead of the clock called alaturka, which was adjusted according to the sunset. With the time scale taken from the West, one day was divided into 24 hours and daily life was organized.

•In 1931 the old weight and length measurements were cahnged with the modern ones. Previously used measurement units such as arshin, endaze, okka have been removed. Instead, meters were accepted as length measurements and weight as weight measures. 

Acts of Charity

- 23 October 1923,  he visited the painting exhibition opened in the Turkish Quarry and bought some paintings to support the artists

- Donation of 1000 lira to the Child Protection Agency to be distributed to poor students on March 7, 1928.

- 10 thousand lira aid to be distributed to those who suffered from Torbalı earthquake on April 1, 1928.

- Donation of 10 thousand lira to the Kızılay on December 8, 1936.

Fenerbahce Koleji, TURKEY

References

1.    https://elmasis.com.tr/blog-detay/Mustafa-Kemal-Ataturk-Yuzuk-Kolye-Bilekli-Kol-Dugmesi/24#:~:text=Mustafa%20Kemal%20Atat%C3%BCrk'%C3%BCn%20Hobileri&text=Kitap%20okumay%C4%B1%2C%20ata%20binmeyi%2C%20dans,oyunlar%C4%B1na%20b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk%20bir%20ilgisi%20vard%C4%B1.

2.    https://www.kocaeligazetesi.com.tr/makale/3299578/mesut-akbulut/ataturk-hakkinda-bilinmeyen-28-ozellik#

3.    https://www.parafcard.com.tr/20301-ataturkun_bilinmeyen_yonleri