Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep, and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. The history of agriculture begins in the Fertile Crescent. Humans invented agriculture between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago, during the Neolithic era, or the New Stone Age. There were eight Neolithic crops: emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, hulled barley, chickpeas, and flax. Egyptians were among the first peoples to practice agriculture on a large scale, starting in the pre-dynastic period from the end of the Paleolithic into the Neolithic, between around 10,000 BC. Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. When people began growing crops, they also began herding and breeding wild animals. Adapting wild plants and animals for people to use is called domestication. The Egyptians grew their crops along the banks of the River Nile on the rich black soil, or kemet which was left behind after the yearly floods. The fertile soil was ideal to grow healthy crops.

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Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). These operations generally attempt to maximize financial income from grain, produce, or livestock. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock. It is also called farming. Industrialized agriculture is the type of agriculture where large quantities of crops and livestock are produced through industrialized techniques for the purpose of sale. Subsistence Agriculture. For decades, agriculture has been associated with the production of essential food crops. Agriculture is the backbone of the economic system of a given country. In addition to providing food and raw material. Agriculture also provides employment opportunities to a very large percentage of the population. Agriculture to man is as important as life and as ancient as civilization.