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A.Life of Bees...............................................4

Sabriye ÇETİNKAYA

Cevdet AYSAN

Eman ISMAIL ABED A.

Dana Maria FLORESCU

B. What if there were no bees?..............18

Gökçe DİROL

Sibel Özdemir AKDAĞ

Marika VIKS

Zoe ASIKI

C. Flowers That Bees Love........................29

Serap VARDAR

Gamze DEMİRKAYA

Songül YAVUZ

Ioana Maria ARDELEAN

D. What Have We Done for the Bees?........39

Nezahat IŞIK (Kurucu)

Pınar KESMEGÜLÜ

Sümeyra GÜLMÜŞ

Μapia ΑΒΡΑΑΜ

WHAT IS A BEE AND ITS CHARTERISTICS?

Bees are four- winged insects, mostly stinging species. There are over 12.000 species, although it is possible to see about 600 of them in our environment, while other species live in some special parts of the Earth. Bees are round and hairy and usually more slowly.

Bees communicate with each other through various rhythmic movements. Scientists call these movements the dance of the bees.

This section was created by Sabriye Çetinkaya's students.

A.LIFE OF BEES

-Bees use their movements and buzz to convey information. They can flap their wings 250 times per second.

-In order to make 1 kg of honey, bees must collect nectar from more than 4 million flowers.

-They work cooperatively for the continuity of life in the hive.

HONEY BEE FROM EGG TO MULTI

HONEY BEE FROM EGG TO MULTI

-Worker bees, queen bees and drones live in a hive. The average life span of honey bees is 1.5 months.

- Male bees live for 6 months and queen bees live 2 to 7 years depending on the species. A worker bee can produce one twelfth of a teaspoon of honey in its average lifetime.

PARTS OF A BEES

They have a hard outer shell called an exoskeleton.

They have three main body parts: head, thorax, abdomen.

They have a pair of antennae that are attached to their head.

They have three pairs of legs used for walking.

They have two pairs of wings.

HOMES AND HIVES OF HONEY BEES

HONEY BEE ROOMS HIVES Existing for about 100 million years, the first refuges of honey bees are rock cavities, tree cavities and branches. In addition to being protected from cold and heat, honey bees have shelter transportation for defense purposes against their enemies.

This section was created by Cevdet AYSAN's students.

The fact that people started beekeeping and other activities in order to benefit from the products of honey bees caused the living areas of bees to change.

Thus, the process of obtaining the honey they produce by destroying their nests in their natural environment has changed and the transition to basket hives, which will constitute the first steps of sustainable beekeeping, has been achieved.

HOW BEES COMMUNICATE

Bee contact:

Honeybees communicate by dancing for their activities (joy, message, cleaning) both inside and outside the hive. Worker bees, finding the food source in the field, inform the other bees of the location, type and quantity of this food by dancing on the honeycomb. Honeybees primarily perform a circular dance and a shaking dance to inform each other of the food source (1). Apart from these dances, there are many dances with transitional dances

This section was created by Eman I. Abd. ALNABI's students.

Although it varies across sexes, honeybees perform a circular dance on the honeycomb to inform other colony members of their food sources up to 100 meters from the hive. In the circular dance, there is little or no information about the direction of the food source. Bees watching the dance can fly in any direction, up to 100 meters from the hive.

Honeybees perform a Wagging dance on the honeycomb to inform other colony members of their food source more than 100 meters from the hive. In this dance, a semicircle is made to the right by running straight forward and backward. Then, by running straight, a semicircle is made to the left and back to the starting position. From the ring dance to the tail dance; It is called the "sickle" or "crescent" dance. With increasing distance from the source, the crescent tips get closer. The most important point of Wagging Dance is the position of the sun. While inside the hive, all honeybees assume the sun is at the top of the honeycombs. The frequency of the sound performed in the tail dance and the time allotted to the dance provide information to the viewing bees about the source's distance and properties.

During the Wagging Dance, the duration of a straight run between the two hemispheres gives information about the flower's overall distance. 1 second corresponds to a distance of one kilometer. The large number of worker bees describing the source itself, the abundance of flowers that are the food source, the pheromone released by the dancing worker bee and the scent of the flower on it also provide information about the food source (2).

Bees follow the sun's rays

Three simple eyes on a honey bee's head are used to measure light intensity and see polarized sunlight. In this way, the bees discover the position and angle of the sun, and can accurately determine the direction of the target by making corrections in the direction of the description that they will make to the bees in the hive as the sun advances. The displacement of the Sun over short distances is not important. The sun moves 1 degree every 4 minutes. The distance a bee travels in one minute is 400 m/min (25 km/h). On the way back to the hive, the bee flies for 12 minutes to cover a distance of 5 km. The sun will turn 3 degrees during this time. The sun will turn another 3 degrees until the bee leaves the hive and reaches the food source. The result will be a deviation of at least 6 degrees from the original position of the Sun. Honeybees use the sun to describe and locate their food (3).

WHAT BEES COLLECT

Nectar is the main source of carbohydrates and therefore energy for bees. It is secreted by flowers (although some plants secrete nectar and leaves) and is a sweet substance made up of about 70% water and the rest sweet substances. The bees collect the nectar and store it in a special portion of

their esophagus, to then

transport it to the hive, where

it will be used to prepare honey.

This section was created

by Dana M. FLORESCU's students

Pollen is a substance in the form of powder , wich is producted by the male organs of flowers. When the bees sit on the flowers to collect pollen , the fine pollen grains will cling to the hairs on their feet. From time to time, the bees shed pollen with the help of organs that are also on their feet and will compact it into small pellets, then deposit it in the pollen bags on the hind legs and then carry it to the hive.

Propolis is a resinous substance that bees harvest from various plants and carry it to the hive in pollen bags. Propolis is used hygienically for cleaning the hive beacause contain antibacterial and antifungal substances.

The water is mixed with honey and is used to feed the larvae or for the bees' own consumption.

B. WHAT IF THERE WERE NO BEES?

"Humanity Can Only Live For 4 Years Without Bees"

Pages between 19 and 25 were made by Gökçe Dirol.

Hi guys! If bees disappeared in an instant, we wouldn't be without honey; many species of flowering plants would also be wiped out from the face of the earth. As a result, the herbivorous species that fed on them would perish, and then the carnivorous species that fed on them would become extinct. And yes. It would be the end of these people.

Which market would you like to shop at?

So, which of these tables is more nutritious and healthy?

I guess nobody wants to lose the rainbow of the earth.

I love our world and want to protect it. What about you?

Our students worked on the importance of bees. Come on, look!

This section was created by Sibel Özdemir AkdağI's students.

This section was created by Zoe Asiki's students.

This section was created by Gökçe Dirol's students.

Life without bees.

Pages between 29 and 32 were made by Marika VIK'S students.

Life without bees.

I hope you now understand how important bees are and share what you learn with everyone.

C. FLOWERS THAT BEES LOVE

In this part we are going to talk about the flowers that bees love. Let's start with "Mint".

Pages between 34 and 39 were made by Game İNAN 's students.

There are a lot of kinds of mint. Mint gives many flowers that bees love. We can plant mint in our schools and gardens or balconies.

MINT

When rosemary blossoms and its purple flowers show up, bees come close to rosemary. Rosemary is a healing flower and bees love rosemary.

ROSEMARY

Phacelia is one of 20 most important flowers that bees love. It is planted in many countries such as Germany and Britain.

PHACELIA

Geraniums are easy to grow, colorful flowers. They have wonderful smell. Thanks to their smell, bees love geraniums very much.

GERANIUM

Bees love sunflowers. Bees need sunflower's pollen and nectar. Sunflower's color calls bees for honey.

SUNFLOWER

Rose is the name given to fragrant plant species belonging to the genus Rosa of the Rosaceae family.

You can grow roses in your gardens.

ROSE

Pages between 40 and 43 were made by Serap VARDAR 's studedents

LAVENDER

Lavender; It is a type of plant that belongs to the honeybabagiller family, grows in the Mediterranean climate and has fragrant flowers.

Bees love lavender.

DANDELION

Dandelion is a delicate plant species that can grow by itself in nature and blooms yellow flowers.

Pages between 43 and 46 were made by Songül YAVUZ'S students

Its genetic origin is Anatolian. It is known as Rapeseed in Turkey.

It consists of white petals and a yellow centre, but the flower can sometimes have a pink or rose color. Chamomile is a perennial whose evergreen leaves form a basal tuft or rosette.

In order to produce thyme honey, the bees must be in the place where these plants grow intensively. During the flowering periods, the bees collect the essence of this honey and take it to their hives, and the worker bees produce the honey.

Pages between 48 and 50 were made by Ioana ARDELEAN's students

Honeysuckle is able to be worked by honeybees. It is a short flower and one of the earliest flowers to bloom in the spring.

Remarkably, because the amount of nectar secreted by this Red clover is so abundant (more than in White or Alsike clovers), it sometimes fills the flower-tube, making it accessible by Honeybees too, and it may be a more important minor source of nectar than has been supposed by beekeepers. This is also a Pollen source for Honeybees and Bumblebees.

Sainfoin produces large amounts of nectar and pollen that honey bees can't resist.

Bees love the linden flowers. The flower has a sweet smell like that of a mignonette that attracts honey bees.

Honey bees prefer strawberry fields, even if flowering next to oilseed rape fields.

D.WHAT HAVE WE DONE FOR THE BEES?

In this part we are going to talk about what should we do for the bees. Let's start with "reducing carbon footprint".

This section was created by Sümeyra GÜLMÜŞ's students.

CARBON FOOTPRINT

How to limit your carbon footprint?

Consume local and seasonal products (forget strawberries in winter)Limit meat consumption, especially beef. Select fish from sustainable fishing.Bring reusable shopping bags and avoid products with excessive plastic packaging.Make sure to buy only what you need, to avoid waste.

AGRICULTURAL PHARMACEUTICALS

Sudden and intense deaths in bees are generally seen due to poisoning. The biggest reason for this is pesticides.

PROTECTION OF GRASSES

Organic beekeeping is only available in organic farming areas or

It can be done in pastures and plateaus with undisturbed natural structure.

Beehives are used in industries and cities that can cause pollution.

away from centers.

This section was created by Pınar KESMEGULU's students.

Chemicals that will cause water, soil and plant pollution in areas to be used as bee pastures

Struggle and fertilization should not be done.

LOSS OF BEE BREEDS

Honey bees, which have existed in the world for about 100 million years, are in the genus Apis, which is one of the membrane-winged insects of the animal kingdom. There are 11 known species under the genus Apis.

This section was created by Nezahat IŞIK's students.

CLIMATE CHANGE

This section was created by Mapia ABPAAM's students.

Climate change has negative effects on bees. Negative effects of bees' access to food sources.

However, changes in the climate cause weak colonies to form due to irregularities in colony development, the spread of diseases, the inability of field bees to return to their hive and their deaths.

END

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"M.A.Y.A."

Gökçe Görece, Cevdet Aysan, Eman Al Soudi, Florescu Dana, GAMZE DEMİRKAYA, Ioana Ardelean, Nezahat Işık, Pınar Kesmegülü, Sümeyra Gülmüş, Sabriye Çetinkaya, Serap VARDAR, Sibel Özdemir Akdağ

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