Professor Hagrid, how does the American muggle government work? 

What a great question! Lets go on a field trip to the U.S. and find out!

Since we don't know how to start learning, let's go in the order of the U.S. Constitution.

ugh..potter!!

 You see kids, just like in the wizard world, muggles have systems of government that protect their natural rights. The Constitution is a document where the main principles of the American government are written.

DIAGON ALLEY

For example, in the beginning it says that everyone deserves "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness." The government is limited and no one should be able to restrict the peoples speech, opinion, or way of living peacefully.

Let's head to the airport and fly to the capital of the United States, Washington D.C.

This is so ineffective! Why do I have to walk through a metal detector? What is this "airport security"?

    Airport

Hold your horses, Harry. Don't worry. This is meant to keep the airport safe from people who might bring dangerous items.  The Legislative branch of U.S.  government was established by the first article of the amendment. The Legislative branch passes laws in order to keep the U.S. safe and organized.

Here, we are in Washington D.C., the capital of the United States. While we are here lets visit the white house, where the president lives and works.

Let's use the information to give some pointers to Dumbledore.

Harry Potter and his friends visit the white house where they learn about the Executive Branch. They found the President taking a walk outside.

As part of the Executive branch established by the 2nd article of the Constitution, I make sure that people know what laws to follow so there is peace and order in our country. I'll show you my office.

Hello, Mr. President. We want to learn about what you do to lead the United States of America.

Wow! That is a big responsibility. 

I can form my own group of leaders from many departments, to help me run the government smoothly. I also can create an army to help protect the U.S.

That's all I have time for, see you guys next time.

Thank you Mr. President. Well kids, lets go learn about the Judicial Branch.

Here we are at the Supreme Court, part of the Judicial Branch established by the 3rd article of the Constitution.

Harry and his friends arrive at the Supreme Court.

You shouldn't do that George, you're going to get it trouble with the muggle government and Hogwarts!

Hahaha! What would happen if I let a snitch loose in the white house?

The executive branch makes sure that you will get punished if you break the law, but what happens if the law is unfair?

When someone feels that the law is unfair, the Judicial branch can re-judge whether the law is a good one or not. When they are judging whether it matches the constitution or not, the process is called Judicial Review.