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Stop and answer this question. 

Why isn't DNA used directly for the translation 

of protein instead of RNA?

Answer:

In order to use DNA directly to make proteins, 

DNA would have to leave the nucleus, which 

would make it more susceptible to damage 

because outside of the nucleus everything is 

shooting around really fast, making it 

dangerous. Since it is the template for making 

proteins, it would be too risky to expose it to 

the rest of the cell.

He decided that he needed more leprechauns 

to create the best pot of gold. He forgot the 

recipe he made for the potion or what order it 

was but tried anyways. So he made another 

potion for both of them to drink. Drinking the 

potion again to make other versions is just like 

how RNA is made in the cell. This process is 

like transcription.

Stop and answer this question.

How is DNA replicated and what are the 

enzymes involved? Why is it important. To 

restate in more in depth.

Answer: 

The helicase unzips the DNA into two halves 

and then the DNA polymerase comes along 

and builds up the other halves of the DNA. It is 

important because the DNA can't leave the 

nucleus so it needs to duplicate in order to be 

ready to make RNA to send out into the cell.

To make RNA, DNA is unzipped and the RNA 

polymerase comes in and builds RNA based off 

of the DNA's nitrogenous bases. The RNA is 

then sent out into the cell to relay the 

messages from the DNA.

Stop and answer this Question:

Compare and Contrast the structure and 

function of DNA and RNA.

DNA is housed in the nucleus and is made up of 

complimentary base pairs. Its purpose is to have the 

information for the RNA to take out into the cell. RNA is 

essentially one strand of DNA, but instead of thymine it 

is uracil on RNA. RNA takes the information from the 

DNA and relays it to the rest of the cell.

They both drank and created another 

leprechaun. This is an example of RNA. This 

leprechaun was an close copy of half of them. 

Then once he had more of these he could send 

them out to build the gold coins. 

To elaborate, and to make sure you 

understand, transcription is when DNA is made 

into an RNA form. The DNA is unzipped and 

the RNA polymerase comes and attaches the 

ribonucleotide complimentary bases to one 

strand of the DNA. The RNA strand then 

separates from the DNA and out into the rest 

of the cell to relay the DNA's information.

When the kangaroo went to the rainbow a bird 

swooped down with a stop sign. This is a 

nonsense mutation because the stop sign is 

telling the sequence to stop before it even 

starts.

He then tried to make the potion again. 

This time he added an extra water 

melon. This is just like a point mutation. 

It only affected one of the ingredients 

and didn't change the order. This 

created a bird. At this point, Paddy was 

getting frustrated, and was hoping that 

he would finally get it right.

He decided to go at it again. The 

outcome was that another leprechaun 

was formed but it had a pizza stuck to 

its head. He forgot the cheese. This is 

just like a deletion. Mutation in the 

nucleotides of RNA's replication. This 

mutation created the deformed 

leprechaun. 

O'Toole was a tough young lad. So he decided 

to continue on. He then tried another new 

potion. He accidentally added a lemon. But too 

his surprise it had no affect on the outcome. 

This is like a silent mutation in which he can 

mutate or change the order without having an 

affect on his outcome. 

He tried again and succeeded. He discarded all 

of his mutate versions and decided to create a 

bunch of himself. Then he had them head over 

to his cousin Puddy the pirate to make the 

perfect pot of gold. Paddy O'Toole stayed 

home because he was exhausted from all the 

potion making. The messengers were eager to 

go and could not wait to help Paddy with his 

gold. Paddy couldn't use the orginal copies 

because they were to valuable like DNA is. So 

he sent all of the RNA ones instead.  

I'm here for Paddy the

 Leprechaun

To reiterate, some genetic mutations have 

no effect at all because there are multiple 

codons that can produce the same amino 

acid. However when a nucleotide is 

deleted or inserted, it causes every other 

nucleotide after it to shift. This can cause 

drastic changes on an organism's 

phenotype because so many codons are 

changed.

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