FPT UNIVERSITY Spring 2023

On June 23, 2018, 12 boys from the Wild Boars football team and their coach entered Tham Luang cave in the mountains of northern Thailand to perform a local customs ceremony without knowing that they would have to face danger in the days to come. As soon as the boys and their coach entered the cave, it started to rain heavily, causing a sudden flood.
Thirteen people, including young soccer players and coaches, were stuck in Thailand's most extensive cave. That night, search and rescue efforts began when a national park ranger spotted bicycles chained outside the cave. With no food or exit, the victims will have to face a lot of difficulties to survive. Thai and international public opinion quickly mobilized, collaborating with the rescue team to expedite the deployment of the work.
It took up to 10 days of searching before British professional cave rescue divers discovered the boys' location on a mound in an underground cavity nearly 5 kilometers from the mouth of the cave. To reach this underground chamber, they had to dive through flooded, dark, narrow caves, in some places only 38 cm high and 72 cm wide. After nine days of searching, a ray of hope flashed.
British diver John Volanthen was diving into a dark cave when his lifeguard ran out of reach; fortunately, when he looked up, he saw 13 victims in a rock hole. But there is no time to rejoice because the arduous rescue journey has only just begun.
The boys couldn't swim, and they were exhausted because they had to go without food for nine days. Over the next week, the world's most elite rescue experts joined hands to build a rescue plan to find the safest way to get the boys out.
Hundreds of pumps were mobilized to suction water out of the cave. Diligent divers pulled a rope more than 4 km long into the place where the football team was stuck, arranged oxygen tanks along flooded caves, and taught the boys how to use diving equipment.
At the top of the cave, dozens of search teams scoured every nook and cranny of the forest to find tunnels that could lead to the underground chamber where the team was trapped.
The leader of the rescue operation offered many options to save the boys. The option of finding a tunnel or drilling a hole from the top of the cave is becoming increasingly impossible, while waiting until the end of the rainy season to take the boys out is also too risky because heavy rains are coming down, possibly flooding the underground compartment where the boys were hiding. The rescue had to be done quickly because the oxygen levels in the cave were falling severely, which could endanger the lives of the boys and divers.
Fortunately, the effort to pump water had positive results, along with the blocking of two large streams of water entering the cave, which made the rescue easier. Under this option, two divers will escort them out one by one.The children were given protective gear and full-face masks to breathe more easily underwater. The boys were given anti-anxiety medication to help keep them calm during the dive, and then they were guided by two divers to dive through the darkest and narrowest of caves. Every 25-30 m, boys and divers need a new oxygen tank to re-oxygenate.
But unlucky, a former Thai special forces member died while placing oxygen tanks in the cave without noticing that his own oxygen tank was exhausted. His death touched the Thai people and the whole world, honoring him as a true hero.
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