BLUE TEAM

STUDENTS

Amelia Belinaysu Nazlıgül Hayriye Sibel

Yağmur Ö. Mehmet L. Fırat Ekin Saba

Lizi Musa Cladiu Salome Mariam

Daniel Berkay Ayşe Giorgi A. Enes

Rron Rabia

ModeratORS
Ufuk Özyıldırım Kevser Yar Gina Bordea Gamze Demirkaya

Preview audio:

storyj.mp/aia4qfpuv4ue

CONTENTS

1 What is the forest fire?

2 What are the causes of forest fires?

3 What are the types of forest fires?

4 What can we do BEFORE a forest fire?

5 What can we do DURING a forest fire?

6 What to do AFTER a forest fire?

7 What should we do to Prevent Forest Fires?

8 What are the effects of forest fire on the environments?

9 What is the 3 largest forest fire in the world?

10 What are the effects of fire on human body?

11 Some pictures from forest fire

What is The Forest Fire?

Forest fire is the partial or complete burning of forests in fires caused by natural or human causes. There are fires caused by natural causes such as lightning strikes, volcanic eruptions and high temperatures, and man-made fires caused by cigarettes and agricultural products. The burning of forests causes many ecological destructions, climate change and drought are the main consequences of this.

Kumluca Sosyal

Bilimler Lisesi

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES?

We can list the causes of forest fires as;

- Campfires

- Smoking

- Railroads

- Miscellaneous

- Lightning

- Arson

-Debris Burning etc.

KIRIKKALE MESLEKİ VE TEKNİK ANADOLU LİSESİ

What are the types of forest fires?

There are three types of forest fires; ground fires, crown fires and surface fires.

Ground fires: occur below materials such as leaves and peat, these fires are slow moving but when left unattended, can take out large areas. These fires are particularly dangerous as they can ‘hibernate’ below the surface during a warm winter and re emerge once the weather gets warm again.

Crown fires: pose the highest risk by far due to their fast spreading behavior, they develop on top of trees and in some cases can jump from one tree to another making these the most aggressive form of fire.

Surface fires: are the most tame fire and can be put out relatively easily, these fires only occur at the surface and are generally no taller than the average human. Surface fires create the least amount of destruction.

Manyas Anadolu Lisesi

What Can We Do BEFORE Forest Fires?

Precautions to be taken by citizens:

* Fire and barbecue should not be lit in forest areas and areas close to the forest borders.

* Picnics should not be held in the forests, except in the permitted picnic areas.

* Garbage, plastic, glass bottles and pieces of glass should not be thrown into the forest.

* Smoking should not be allowed in forested areas and cigarette butts should not be thrown on forest edge highways.

* In cases where there is a risk of fire, the Emergency Call Line or the Forest Fire Warning Line should be called immediately and a report should be made.

Hacı Sani Konukoğlu Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi

Precautions to be taken by authorities:

* Entrances to forests should be prohibited during periods of high fire risk.

* New expert personnel on fire should be trained and kept out of rotation practice.

* Apart from the fire season, joint fire drills should be conducted with the cooperation of AFAD, OGM and Fire Department, and application deficiencies should be reviewed.

* The number of water collection pits and pools, which constitute an important part of the fight against forest fires, should be increased.

* In fire-sensitive areas and especially in forests with young trees, forest maintenance should be done without interruption.

* Organic matter reduction and pruning should be carried out in 100-150 meter strips on the roadsides in places with high fire risk.

Hacı Sani Konukoğlu Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi

What can we do DURING forest fires?

What citizens need to do:

* In cases of fire, immediately call the Emergency Call Line 112 or the Forest Fire Warning Line and report it.

* If the fire is still in its infancy, first intervention should be made to extinguish it, if the fire has grown, the fire should not be intervened directly.

During the fire, vehicles should definitely not go to the area where the fire broke out.

* In case of panic, it should not be tried to escape from the fire place by using the forest road, it should be kept in mind that the roads can be closed due to fire, smoke or a fallen tree.

* In case the fire is located in areas close to the settlement, the gardens and residences bordering the forest should be soaked as much as possible.

* In case of evacuation, the evacuation commands of the authorities should be followed.

* Information from official channels and experts on the subject should be followed.

İbni Sina Anadolu Lisesi

What officials should do:

* In order not to narrow the area of interest and concentration of the teams working in the field, there should be no senior bureaucrats other than the fire chief in the teams that go to the forest fire area as reinforcements.

* In cases where evacuation is required, the fire evacuation plan prepared before the fire should be implemented.

* Vehicle, equipment and personnel reinforcement to the fire area should be made from areas with low fire risk.

* There should be an uninterrupted medical team at the forest fire scene.

* Specialized veterinary teams should be available for the treatment of wild animals damaged by the fire.

* A forest fire communication desk should be established and the media and public should be informed firsthand about the fire on a daily and hourly.

* Forest fire volunteers and military personnel should not be directly assigned to fire extinguishing.

* The main fire extinguishing management should be under the authority of the General Directorate of Forestry and the Fire Brigade officer.

İbni Sina Anadolu Lisesi

After forest fires, environmental professionals assess the scope of the damage, asking questions like:

- How many trees were killed?

- Was the seed stock destroyed?

- How is the local climate affected?

- Will the ecosystem be able to regenerate on its own?

If an ecosystem is able to regenerate with minimal help, great! If not, that's where One Tree Planted can help by planting trees for forest fire recovery.

However, before tree planting can take place, a few things usually need to happen:

Removing extra debris like snags (dead trees) and brush that will provide fuel for future fires, while leaving some to provide wind protection and improve water retention for newly planted trees. Some wildlife species, like the black-backed woodpecker, also rely on snags to nest and forage the insects that are drawn to these recently killed trees.

Simion Mehedinți, Vidra, Vrancea

What to do AFTER forest fire?

Assessing the soil health, the erosion risk, and remediating as needed. Fires often improve the nutrient profile of the soil by breaking organic matter down into a usable form. But they also remove the most effective anchor — trees — holding everything together, which increases the risk of everything washing away.

Determining what tree species will provide the most benefit— for example, during a recent effort to reforest parts of British Columbia that were destroyed by historic wildfires, we included Trembling Aspen, which has a high water content and helps slow the spread of wildfires by creating a natural protective barrier.

After all questions have been answered, and it's determined that reforestation would be the best approach to support landscape recovery, that's when we plant trees.

Simion Mehedinți Highschool, Vidra, Vrancea

What should we do to prevent forest fires?

The basic behaviors we should pay attention to in order not to cause forest fires;

- Not to light a fire in the forest,

- Not to throw garbage in the forest, especially glass,

- Smoking etc. in the forest or on the roads passing through the forest. not drinking,

- Not to burn stubble in agricultural areas near the forest,

- Using low voltage lighting equipment,

- To use machines and tools by paying attention to cooling,

Zespòł Szkòł nr 1 w Sanoku

What are the effects of forest fire on the environments?

Wildfires can disrupt transportation, communications, power and gas services, and water supply. They also lead to a deterioration of the air quality, and loss of property, crops, resources, animals and people.

1. Polluted Water Resources

With each wildfire, watersheds grow more vulnerable to stormwater runoff and erosion.

2. Vegetation

Unfortunately, the loss of vegetation can significantly alter an ecosystem by increasing erosion.

3. Endangered Wildlife

Naturally, impaired water and land have dire effects on wildlife. The subsequent consequences are critical to natural selection.

4. Air Quality

Wildfires release carbon dioxide and their emissions can prove to be significantly high.

Genç Osman Anadolu Lisesi

The 3 largest forest fires occurred in Australia, Canary island and Amazon rainforest.

- The Australian Bushfire, also known as Black Summer, started in Late June 2019 and is still going on. Until 9 March 2020, the fire had burned through 18.6 million hectares of area. This includes more than 9352+ buildings and 3500 homes.

- Around Mid-August of 2019, multiple fires broke out in Canary Islands with fires on Gran Canaria Islands being the most ferocious. More than 30,000 acres of Gran Canaria islands (Artenara, Cazadores and Valleseco) got burned and thousands of people were evacuated over the month of August.

- Amazon Rainforest wildfires burned more than 2 Million acres over a span of 9 months in 2019. The total number of fires are said to be more than 40,000 and economic drawbacks for putting them out are too high to be estimated.

OEMUC St. Naum Ohridski

Ohrid, Macedonia

What are the effects of fire on human body?

Wildfire smoke is a mix of gases and fine particulate matter from burning vegetation and materials. The pollutant of most concern from wildfire smoke is fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). PM 2.5 from wildfire smoke is damaging to human health because it has the ability to deeply penetrate lung tissue and even affect the heart and circulatory system.