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Egypt broke into three time periods. Those time periods were the 

Old kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the New kingdom. In the Old 

Kingdom the capital was Memphis and they began to make papyrus. 

In the Middle kingdom the capital was Thebes and they began to 

construct the Temple of Amen. In the New kingdom Egypt took over 

Palestine, Nubia, Syria, and Northern Iraq and they built more 

temples. These pharaohs lived in luxury and the Pharaohs had 

servants for every need. Menes was the first half god/half human 

Pharaoh.The Pharaohs rule began in 3,001 B.C and it ended in 332 

B.C.

Egypt broke into different districts after Menes was pharoah but in 2000 B.C Mentuhotep II united 

Egypt again and he built Thebes.

The Hyksos, an Asian people, took over Egypt in the 1600’s B.C. and they introduced bronze and iron 

swords, horse-drawn Chariots, and other military gear. A Theban Prince, Ahmose, removed the 

Hyksos in the 1500’s B.C. sing new miltary skills. Ramses III was the last Egyptian pharaoh of the new 

kingdom. People from Nubia , Libya, Ethiopia, and Assyria were Pharaohs in later dynasties. In 525 

B.C. the son of Cyrus the Great of Persia invaded Egypt and they ruled for 200 years.

Alexander the Great took over Egypt in 332 B.C. and was the ruler of the Greek empire. The capital 

was memphis and he built the city of Alexandria. Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C.. Egypt was 

given to the General Ptolemy. General Ptolemy became pharaoh and ruled for next 300 years. 

Ptolemies paid taxes to Rome as it took over but Cleopatra knew Egypt was in danger . She wanted 

to join forces with Rome so she married the emperor of Rome, Julius Ceaser. Caesar was 

assassinated so Cleopatra married Mark Antony. The marriage helped Antony so he combined his 

armies with Egypt’s and tried to defeat Octavian but Octavian defeated them and took over 

Alexandria. Cleopatra then committed suicide and that was the end of the pharaohs rule over Egypt.

The first dynasty lasted from 3050 B.C. to 2890 

B.C.. Narmer the same as Menes was born in 

3050 B.C. and died in 3000 B.C.. Narmer was the 

son of Surket. His wife was Neithhotep and their 

sons name was Menes. Hor-

aha Narmer's son was born in 3020 B.C.. His 

main wife was Queen Berenib. Hor- Aha had 

several other wives. His children wer names are 

Itit, Djer, and Semiramis. 

The second dynasty lasted from 2890 

B.C. - 2686 B.C. Senedj, Nesu, and Sened 

are the same people. Senedj was born 

around 2600 B.C.. Nesu's death was 

unknown.

The third dynasty lasted from   2686 

B.C. - 2613 B.C.. Sekhemkhet was born 

2600 B.C.. He died in 2643 B.C.. 

Sekhemket was the son of Djoser 

Netjerikhet. His Wife was Djeseretnebti 

and his father was Khabba.

The fourth dynasty lasted from 2613 B.C. - 2498 

B.C. and consisted of the Pharaohs who built the 

great pyramids. Khafa or Ch'afa was born   2618 

B.C. and died   2566 B.C.. Khafa was the son of 

Snefru. His wifes were Djefatsen, Meritites, 

Henutsen, and Nefertkau. He was the father of 

Meresankh do Egito, Djedefre Hordjedef, 

Hetepheres II , Djedeftor, Meritites II, Hathor and 

Neith plus 12 others

The fifth dynasty lasted from 2498 B.C. - 

2345 B.C.. Neferefre (Ranefer) was born 

2452 B.C. and died 2408 B.C.. His one 

was Neferirkare Kakai.

The 6th Dynasty was the dynasty of 

Teti(Othoes), it lasted from 2345 B.C. to 

2181 B.C.. Teti was the son of Shepsiptah 

and was born in 2390 B.C.. Teti became 

King by marrying the previous Kings 

daughter, and her fathers.

The 12th Dynasty was the dynasty of Khakhaure 

(Senusret) III. He was born in 1862 B.C. with his 

father being Khakheperre II. With his main wife 

Neferthenut and others, he had 6 children, 

Senetsen--betes, Nymaatre Amenemhat III, 

Sithath or, Menet, Mereret, and another unknown 

child. Sadly, he died in 1844 B.C..

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