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This is Timmy. He just got a time machine 

for his 10th birthday. Timmy really likes 

learning about the different eras. So, he is 

going to use his time machine to travel from 

era to era. Let the adventures begin!

WHAT IF...people had not 

learned to farm? 

If people had not 

learned how to 

farm, we would 

not have all of 

the delicious 

fruits and 

vegetables that 

we enjoy today.

Timmy has arrived in the era of the Ancient River 

Valley, from 3500 B.C. to 450 B.C. This era 

included four different civilizations. The first was 

Mesopotamia, located in the fertile crescent, 

which is a curved shape region with rich land. The 

next was Egypt where the pharaoh ruled the lands 

and the Nile supported settlements. The next was 

the Indus located in the subcontinent, India. Last 

but not least was China! The dynastic cycle, the 

rise the decline and replacement of dynasties, 

created Chinese history.

WHAT IF..... Rome didn't 

fall?

If Rome didn't fall then 

we would have skipped the 

Dark Ages and gone 

straight to the 

Renaissance and the 

Industrial Revolution. 

This would have made our 

technology more advanced 

by now.

The next era Timmy arrived at was the Classical 

era including Rome and Greece, from 2000 B.C. to 

A. D. 500. This era separated the patricians, the 

landowners who held most the power, from the 

plebeians, the farmers who occupied most of the 

population. Most of Greece's time and money went 

into training their gladiators, professional 

fighters, while Rome spent most their time dealing 

with classical art which showed the emphasize of 

harmony, order and balance.

WHAT IF...the Mongols had not 

opened the Silk Road to safe 

travels?

If the Mongols 

had not opened 

the Silk Road then 

there wouldn't 

have been trade 

far across the 

land to trade 

minerals and 

other priceless 

items.

The third stop on Timmy's adventure was to the 

Post-Classical era of Asia and Africa, from 1500 

B.C. to 1350. Africa is made up of the Sahara, 

about the size of the U.S. and can reach 136*F. 

Both Africa and Asia are populated with many 

clans or a group that share common ancestors. In 

Asia, the nomadic people were pastoralists, which 

means they herded wild animals. Asia has many 

dynasties in there country which means that there 

are a series of rulers from a single family.

WHAT IF... the Black 

Plague did not attack 

Western Europe? 

If the Black Plague had 

never attacked Western 

Europe, the society would 

have never suffered, and 

many people would have 

lived much longer, creating 

more generation of people. 

Timmy has arrived in Medieval Europe, a time of great 

unrest and great achievement, including a new style of 

architecture called Gothic, from the 5th to 15th century. 

Technology started to improve and Christianity began to 

rise. Monarchs and kings of medieval Europe ruled a 

region, where they made laws, controlled what happened 

in their land and sometimes told people what to do. This 

was a time of inspired wars of conquest.   A "holy war", 

called a Crusade, was issued by the papacy (position of 

the pop) to gain control of the Holy Land, the region of 

Palestine. The Crusades lasted for 200 years.

WHAT IF... 

Gutenberg hadn't 

invented the 

printing press?

If Gutenberg had not 

invented the printing 

press, we wouldn't have 

all of our wonderful 

books that we all love 

to read!

 Huzzah! Timmy has traveled to the Renaissance era, a 

rebirth of art and learning, from 1300 to 1600. Artists 

rediscovered the technique of perspective, which create 

an appearance of three dimensions. The Protestant 

Reformation was a movement of religious reform of the 

Catholic Church. It called for many changes in the Church. 

Europeans experienced a reawakening, or return, of 

interest in the classics-- government, literature, art, and 

thought. It was a time of experimentation. It was a time 

of religious upheaval. And it was a time of war.

WHAT IF... the Industrial Revolution had 

begun in Germany or Russia?

If the Industrial 

Revolution had 

begun in Germany 

or Russia then it 

would have made 

them more of a 

powerful country 

than they already 

were!

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