The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s-60s for African Americans to gain equal rights in the law of the United States. The Civil War had officially "gotten rid of" slavery, but it didn’t end discrimination against African Americans—they continued to go through the terrible effects of racism, especially in the South. By the mid-20th century, African Americans had had more than enough of prejudice and violence against them. They, along with many white people, organized and began to fight for equality that spanned over two decades.


Martin the martian can time travel, so he's seen a lot of these very important events...
One of the most famous events of the civil rights movement took place on August 28, 1963: the March on Washington. It was organized and attended by civil rights leaders such as A. Philip Randolph, Bayard Rustin and Martin Luther King Jr. More than 200,000 people, marched in Washington, D. C. with the main purpose of forcing civil rights and job equality for everyone. The highlight of the march was King’s speech in which he continually stated, “I have a dream".
On December 1, 1955, Martin traveled to see a woman named Rosa Parks find a seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus after work. Segregation laws at the time said blacks must sit in assigned seats at the back of the bus, and Parks had done just that. When a white man got on the bus and couldn’t find a seat in the white section at the front of the bus, the bus driver instructed Parks and three other blacks to give up their seats. Parks refused and was arrested. As word of her arrest caused outrage, Parks became the “mother of the modern day civil rights movement because segregated seating was finally declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Then, Martin time traveled to an extremely important time in history, July 2, 1964... President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the law guaranteed equal employment for all, and made sure public facilities like bathrooms were integrated, which meant everyone was viewed as equal.

Martin then traveled to the time when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law on August 6, 1965, Johnson took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 several steps further. This new law got rid of all voter literacy tests and allowed the attorney general to contest state and local poll taxes. As a result, poll taxes were later declared unconstitutional.

Martin then traveled back in time to 1954, when the civil rights movement gained momentum and the United States Supreme Court made segregation illegal in public schools in the case of Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas. This meant that separate but equal isn't really equal. Thurgood Marshall, the head of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, served as chief attorney, thirteen years later, President Lyndon B. Johnson would appoint Marshall as the first black Supreme Court justice.

Martin then traveled to September 3,1957,when nine black students,known as the LittleRockNine,arrived at CentralHighSchool to begin classes but were met by the ArkansasNationalGuard by order of Governor Orval Faubus and a scary mob.TheLittleRockNine tried again a few weeks later and made it inside but had to leave for their safety when it got violent. Then,President DwightD.Eisenhower intervened and ordered 1,000federal troops to escort theLittleRockNine to and from classes at Central High.Still, the students faced lots of harassment and prejudice, however,their efforts brought needed attention to the issue of desegregation and fueled protests on both sides of the issue.

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