Some of the word meanings are at the back of the book.

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How and why did World War start?

The reason why world war 1 started was because of an assassination of Franz Ferdinand, The archduke Austria-Hungary at the hands of Serbian nationalist Gavrlio Princip. The killing propelled Europe's major military power towards war.

Gavrilo Princip

Franz Ferdinand

At the time, Europe was divided into two military Alliances Britian,France and Russia squared off against Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. Some scholars have argued that war came to Europe not by accident but by design.Austria-Hungary and Germany decided to go to war. While the other powers did nothing to avert the danger, Preidicting a short conflict. At best Austria-Hungary launched a reckless gamble.But is it wrong to try to point the finger? What do you think?

Food and drinks in world war 1

Food for soldiers in the trenches during World War One was at times considered a luxury. Getting decent hot food from the field kitchens to the front line trenches could be impossible when a battle was either imminent or in full flow. When soldiers were at stand-down, food was easier to acquire and both British and German troops could expect certain food to be available with a degree of frequency.Food was often supplied in cans.

The daily amount of food for a British soldier were:



20 ounces of bread 1/10 gill lime if vegetables not issued 16 ounces of flour instead of above½ gill of rum 3 ounces of cheese maximum of 20 ounces of tobacco 5/8 ounces of tea 1/3 chocolate – optional 4 ounces of jam 4 ounces of oatmeal instead of bread½ ounce of salt 1 pint of porter instead of rum 1/36 ounce of pepper 4 ounces of dried fruit instead of jam 1/20 ounce of mustard 4 ounces of butter/margarine 8 ounces of fresh vegetables or 2 ounces of dried vegetables

The daily amount of food for a German soldier were:

26 ½ ounces of bread or 17 ½ of field biscuits or 14 ounces of egg biscuit 53 ounces of potatoes 4 ½ ounces vegetables 2 ounces dried vegetables.

The role of animals in world war 1

Before 1914, wars had mainly been fought by cavalries - soldiers who fought on horseback using swords and guns. But both sides soon realised men on horses could not win the war in the trenches, so they were used for transportation instead.

Dogs were some of the hardest and most trusted workers in World War One.

The most popular dogs were medium-sized, like Doberman Pinschers and German Shepherds.

Ambulance horses carried wounded soldiers and artillery horses carried weapons, ammunition and other heavy loads. They had to be strong. Here allied cavalry troops' horses are lowered down in a sling onto the quayside as they arrive in Salonika, Greece..Sentry dogs stayed with one soldier or guard and were taught to give a warning sound such as growling or barking when they sensed a stranger in the area or close to camp. Many Dobermans were also used as sentry dogs.

This is a casualty dog - they were trained to find wounded or dying soldiers on the battlefield. They carried medical equipment so an injured soldier could treat himself and they would also stay beside a dying soldier to keep him company.

Animals were also often the most reliable way to transport messages. 100,000 carrier pigeons were used as messengers during the war. Pigeons always flew home when released, so the troops made sure the pigeons' nests were in places they needed to send messages.

Records say pigeons delivered 95% of their messages correctly. Pigeons were kept at military bases and even in old London buses, which were brought over from England.

Jackie the baboon was taken to France by South African soldiers. Jackie had excellent eyesight and hearing and used to warn soldiers of enemy movement or possible attacks by making noises and tugging on their clothing.

Soldiers living in trenches encountered millions of pests during the war including rats. They fed on rotting food because there was no proper way of getting rid of rubbish in the trenches. A little terrier dog shows off its catch after a 15 minute rat hunt in French trenches in September 1916.

What medicines were used in world war 1?

Shell shocks are called combat stress now a days.

In world war 1 at the end 66,657 lost a leg,1,264 lost both legs,20,877 lost an arm and 2,547 went blind. People who got affected by posionous gas would of got "Open air treatment"Doctors developed and practiced new ways to treat severe cases of tissue damage, burns, and contagious diseases. Blood transfusions were given under battlefield conditions. Doctors began using X-ray equipment to locate bullets and shrapnel during operations.  

The quality of American base hospitals increased as their medical staffs grew used to the rigors of the western front.during world war one there were antibiotics but mainly they only medicine that was used were vaccines like during the influenza pandemic of 1918. (Spanish flu).They as well used penicillin. They called it the magic bullet.

What weapons were used in World war 1?

Rifles were commonly used by the British soldiers because the rifle can shot 15 bullets a minute (So nine hundred bullets would be fired an hour.)and a person 1,400 meters away could be killed.

Machine guns needed 4-6 men to work them and they had to be on a flat surface.They had the fire-power of a hundred guns

Machine gun Rifle