Table of Contense

1. Government 8. Latin American Revolution
2. Early Exploration 9. Industrial Revolution
3. Colonization 10. Imperialism
4. Scientific Revolution 11. World War I
5. Enlightenment 12. World War II
6. American Revolution 13. Cold War
7. French

Revolution 14. Modern World

and Napoleon

Unit 1 Government

Our government goes back all the way to the 1400 up to today. Throughout the years we have discovered all types of governments. Some basic types include republic, democratic, monarchy, constitutional monarchy, authoritarian, and totalitarian. However, the one that shows a lot for me is limited government which means restraints are placed upon the power and authority.

Government Event

In 1215 King john forced to sign the Magna Carta in order to give Nobles more rights. The Magna Carta was a document that meant King John was no longer above the law. This document was a big part o history because it established that everyone is guaranteed the rights of individuals to the right of far trade.

Famous Government Person

During the Great Depression, Roosevelt believed in finding relief for the jobless so with the help of congress, e set up the new program called the New Deal. This new program provided help for buying food, pay for housing, and find work. Roosevelt's New Deal restored Americans hope for the future.

Exploration

People wanted to explore for 3 main reasons that are also known as the 3 G's God, Gold, and Glory. Explorers wanted direct trade routes and they wanted goods like spices, silk, and tea. However explorers did face many obstacles on their adventures. These obstacles included their lack of knowledge and technology and the ocean currents and wind patterns which could carry their ships off course. Explorers like Christopher Columbus, Magellan, Cortez and Pizzaro were all a big part of history in the early exploration category.

Exploration Event

In 1519 Ferdinand Megellan set sailed for Spain in search for a new western route. On his trip he sailed around South America, his sailors nearly died because of starvation ad diseases. Ones he reached to Phillipeans he was killed by the tribe that had already settled there. Magellan is still now known for being the first person to circumnavigate the world.

Famous Exploration Person

Hernan Cortes was a Spanish Conquistador who led the to the first fall of the Aztec Empire. He started to Conquer Central America for Spain but the area was controlled by the strong native empire the Aztecs which was led by Montezuma. Cortes knew that this be a battle so he used his advanced weapons and horses to fight them. Although the weapons and horses did help, his greatest advantage were his allies and the diseases the Aztecs had.

Exploration Technology

Early explorers relied on magnetic compasses to get to their destination because the earth's surface is covered by invisible magnetic field. Then later on in the late 1200s and early 1300s sailors and explorers started using the dry compass. The compass played a big role in the start of the Age of Exploration. If we do not have the compass, explorers could not have even made it to their destinations and no one would have found the land of America.

Colonization

Colonization was all about the concept of mercantilism which is a national economic policy that is designed the exports of a nation. Mother countries like Porugal, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands were big on finding new colonies and claiming land. Colonization also started the beginning of capitalism, an economic system based on the private ownership of the production and their operation for profit. Things like the Middle Passage and Triangle Trade were also a big part of colonization.

Colonization Event

The Triangular Trade was a trade route between Europe, Africa, and the New World. From Europe to Africa, people traded manufactured goods like tools, guns, rum, and cloth. Then from Africa to America, people traded raw materials like sugar, molasses, tobacco, and cotton.

Famous Colonization Person

Francisco Pizzaro, who was also Hernan Cotres' cousin , explored South America when he ran into he Inca Empire. At the time, the Inca's were not centralized but were the wealthiest out of all the empire. Pizarro used his advanced weaponry and trickiest were used to take land and wealth from the Inca.

A Caravel is a light sailing ship used mostly by the Spanish and Portuguese for long voyages. The Caravel had many different purposes back in colonization times. They would use them to get from place to place and they would use them for trading

Colonization Technology

Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution was all about how people started to change their authority and political beliefs. The change started when king john signed the Magna Carta which meant the king was no longer above the law. Throughout Scientific Revolution scientist began using reason and religious beliefs. This caused many scientists to be punished by the church for what they were doing.

Scientific Revolution Event

When Galileo said he supported the theory of the earth was heliocentric, the church put him on house arrest. He was called to stop spreading thoughts and reassure the people of the church the people of the church or he would be excommunicated. Since he didn't agree to stop they sentenced him to house arrest for the rest of his life.

Scientific Revolution Famous Person

Isaac newton is mostly known for "Newtons Law of Gravity" which further the laws of motion. His laws of motion continued the old theories. Isaac discovered many things during his time like how light is composed of the colors of the rainbow. He also discovered the reflecting telescope and that the earth wasn't perfectly round

Scientific Revolution Technology

The telescope that Galileo first invented had one o the greatest impact on the scientific revolution. Galileo's telescope was classified as a refactor which uses lenses to collect and focus on the light. Telescopes were mainly used for looking at the stars and the plants to make detailed studies on them.

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th century. People wanted to apply reason to understand and improve society. The enlgihtenment constantly changed traditions. It provided a direct challenge to absolutism, which is also known as the age of absolutism. When a major struggle broke out in England between parliament and King Charles the first the king locked them out of their building for 11 years. this was also known as 11 years of tyranny when Charles the first was charged with treason and beheaded. Charles the 2nd was invited to take the throne. He then died and James the 2nd became king and then started the Glorious Revolution.

Enlightened Event

When Charles II died, King James II came to power in England. The Parliament then asked the King of Scottland to help get rid of him because they were afraid he was going to return England as a Catholic nation. So Wiliam agreed, and came to England, with an army, in 1688. James then fled England, and William and Mary, took the throne.

John Locke believed the state of nature is a good place and a social contract is voluntary agreement to enhance life. He also believed that, all human rights were born with natural humans rights such as life, liberty, and rights of property. Locke's writing even has a strong influence on Thomas Jefferson when he was writing the Declaration of Independence.

The Enlightenment Person

The Social Contract Theory was mainly the ideas that government between social groups as a way of structuring themselves and a mutually beneficial manner. Philosophers like Jean - Jacques Rousseau believed the social contract would create a limited government, as the governments power would be limited by what the majority of citizens wanted. John Locke also believed the social contract was an agreement in that was voluntary.

Enlightened Invention

American Revolution

The American Revolution was the start of a new and improved nation. The enlightenment was a movement that was based on freedom of speech, equality and religion. Most of the American Revolution was influenced from the enlightenment time period because American colonists did not like the rights that enlightenment people believed in. This cause America to rebel against England, so Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independece declaring their freedom from Great Britain, then the American Revolution began.

When the British Parliament started to put taxes on their imports to America, colonists started to get the idea that this was illegal, so they didn't follow the rules or pay the taxes. The the British Parliament found this out and stopped putting taxes on everything except for their tea. Then in 1773 Paliament passed the Tea Act which would help get a British Trading Company get out of debt. When the trading company made a lot of money off of this, colonists were afraid that this would put local tea sellers out of business. Then in December of 1773, British ships carried 500,000 pounds of tea, but the citizens did not want this tea to come. So the Sons of Liberty dressed up like Native Americans, ran to the ships and tipped the 342 crates of tea into the Boston Harbor.

American Revolution Event

Marquis de Lafayette (also known as just Lafayette) was a young noble who volunteered to fight with the continental army during the American Revolution. He provided leadership while also securing vital resources from France. He drafted the Declaration of rights of man and of the citizen and was named commander of the Paris national guard as violence broke out in 1789.

The Declaration of Independence was made to explain to other foreign nations why the colonies had chosen to separate themselves from Great Britain. This document was meant to make people dislike Great Britain and support the colonies instead. The document basically has a list of complaints about the king.

American Revolution Invention

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700's because they had all factors needed for industrialization such as natural resources, experienced entrepreneurs, a growing population, increasing world trade, and economic progress. The economic change began with the invention of the machine, this meant jobs that were originally done by hand were now done by machine. Children still had to work during the days and they mainly worked in factories, but they got to leave earlier than everyone else. Woman also worked in factories as well as men. Many new inventions were made, like interchangeable parts, mass production, spinning Jenny, cotton gin, and steam engine

Industrial Revolution

The spread of the Industrial Revolution began in the United States, then two other countries like Belgium and Japan, however Japan was forced to industrialize due to imperialistic threats against the country. this spread of industrialism caused major political, cultural, and economic changes in the world.

Scientific Revolution Event

James Watt was an inventor, mechanical engineer, and a chemist from Scottland. He improved the Steam Engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776. This steam engine was powered by coal and made of iron. The steam engine lead to changes in transportation, which lead to the invention of the steam boat. This made traveling a lot easier than before.

Scientific Revolution Famous Person

Invented by Eli Witney, the cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton from its seeds. Even thought this seems like a good idea, for slaves it was not. Yes the cotton gin reduced the labor of removing seeds, but it did not reduce the labor of going out in the fields and growing and picking cotton. As a matter of fact, it actually did the opposite because the more cotton growing became profitable, the more slaves were needed to pick and grow the cotton.

Industrialization Invention

Some reasons for Imperialism include industrialization, need for raw materials from less developed countries, and new markets with products. The US made China have an open door policy so that they were open to all countries. There were 7 main wars that occurred during the imperialism time period.

Imperialism

The Monroe Doctrine was made my president James Monroe in 1823. He simply put "stay out of our hemisphere" then in the 1890's, the US and Cuba began trading. The Spanish-American war started when US stepped to help Cuba. then the US used Monroe Doctrine as justification.

Imperialism Invention

Theodore Roosevelt was the only one who issued the Roosevelt Corollary. This said the US and international police power in the western hemisphere and justified intervening in Latin

America.

Imperialism Famous Person

The Zulu wars were in the early 1800's in South Africa against the Dutch, Britain, and Africans. This war was fought because people wanted control of land and resources. Boers began to take the Zulu lands, then Shakazulu led warriors and attacks against the Boers to protect his empire. After years the next Zulu war came, against Britain and Zulu.

Imperialism Event

French Revolution and Napoleon

First, the Frenh Revolution was caused by economic problems inequalities in society. Enlightenment ideas, and most of all poor leadership of Kimg Louis XVI. major key events include the storming of Bastille, Reign of Terror, the 3 estates, and National Assembly. Someone who rose to attention was Napoleon. He became leader by Coup D'etat. Then we can go ahead to when Napoleon as sent away for good, and talk about how the Eurpoean leaders gathered in Vienna to restore peace and stability to Europe. This was called the Congress of Vienna.