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Table of Contents

Chapter one: Elephants      pages:2,3 

Chapter two: Description    pages: 5,6

Chapter three: Matriarch    pages 7,8

Chapter four: Offspring       pages 9,10

Chapter five: Males           pages 11,12

Chapter six:    Females         pages 13,14

Chapter seven:Trunk          page 15 

Chapter Eight:Used for        pages 16,17 

Chapter Nine:Interesting      page 18

Chapter ten:Emotion           page 19

Chapter eleven: Glossary    page 20

Elephants are large mammals of the family 

Elephantea. They are the largest terrestrial 

animals, but they are also endangered. 

Elephants are also herbivores. There are three 

different species which are: African forest 

elephant, Asian elephant and African bush 

elephant. There are several extinct species 

that have been found one is the elephant’s 

closest relatives the mammoths. Most 

elephants live throughout sub-Saharan Africa 

and South to Southeast Asia. 

They can be found in a lot of different living 

areas such as Savannas, forest, desert, and 

marshes. They tend to stay were the water is 

because they need about 50 gallons a day!  

Description:

 Elephants have long trunks called proboscis 

which are used for a lot of different things like 

grabbing. They have two large tusks that are 

used for digging and moving things, also to 

protect themselves. When they are long 

distances away from other elephants they 

communicate by sound and touch sight. One 

thing the elephants are known for is there large 

ears that have many blood vessels throughout 

them. These blood vessels are capillaries. The 

ear flaps help cool off their bodies.  

To release the body heats Elephants make the 

warm blood go to their ears and are released 

into the environment. That occurs naturally but 

the elephants try and make it happen by 

urging it. 

Matriarch:

Elephants travel in groups, there is only one 

leader though. The leader is called the 

Matriarch. The Matriarch is the eldest female 

elephant in the pack. When danger is coming 

to the pack the first one to try and stop it is 

the Matriarch. Most other animals like lions, 

tigers, hyenas and wild. They may come and 

target the calves. 

Offspring:

When a tiny baby elephant is born, it is called 

a calf. They may stand only about three feet 

tall. There calves are usually hairy with a long 

tail and very short trunk. Instead of using its 

trunk to feed it uses its mouth because the 

trunk very much muscle. They are very clumsy 

with there trunks, but they learn to use them 

as they grow. 

Though there is only one calf they weigh 200-

250 pounds each. 

Males: 

The males on the other are usually 10.5 to 

13.1 ft tall and about 10,362 to 13,334 on 

average. Males or bulls leave their families 

when they reach puberty. 

 Some may live alone or with other males. 

Bulls only go after a family group when looking 

for a mate. Mating is usually during rainy 

season. Bulls enter a stage that causes 

testosterone and aggression, called musth. 

Adult males called bulls don’t live in a herd. 

Once males elephants become teenagers, they 

leave the herd. Bulls do not take part in caring 

for the young.

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