Atatürk’s Birth And Childhood Years

Atatürk’s Birth And Childhood Years

Atatürk, the founder and the first President of the Turkish Republic, was born in the Kasımiye Quarter of Salonica in the house on Islahhane Street which is now a museum in 1881. His father is Ali Rıza Efendi and his mother is Zübeyde Hanım.

His parents called him Mustafa.Atatürk’s full name is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

His paternal grandfather Hafız Ahmet Efendi XIV-XV. It is one of the Kocacık Yoruks settled in Macedonia from Konya and Aydın in the centuries. Her mother, Zübeyde Hanım, is the daughter of an old Turkish family who settled in the town of Langaza near Thessaloniki. Ali Rıza Efendi, who was a militia officer, foundations clerk and a timber trade, married Zübeyde Hanım in 1871. Four of Atatürk's five siblings died at an early age, only Makbule (Atadan) lived until 1956.

His father , Ali Riza Efendi died when little Mustafa started primary school, so they moved to another city. They stayed there with his uncle.

His worked on his uncle's farm for some time. Then, he went back to Selanik, and started Semsi Efendi School again. Later, he entered the exam for the Military School and he passed it.

He was very good at maths in the Militariy School. His maths teacher liked him very much. One day, he said to him "Your name is Mustafa. My name is Mustafa. That's why I'm giving you the name Kemal. Your name is Mustafa Kemal from now on. His name became Mustafa Kemal then. He was very hardworking student. 

 Education Life of Atatürk

        Education Life of Atatürk

It is possible to list the schools where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was educated as follows;

1-) Neighborhood School

2-) Şemsi Efendi Primary School

3-) Thessaloniki Civil High School

4-) Thessaloniki Military High School

5-) Manastir Military High School

6-) Military School

7-) Military Academy

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was first enrolled in the Neighborhood School at the insistence of his mother Zübeyde Hanım, and later enrolled in Şemsi Efendi Primary School by his father Ali Rıza Efendi.

Atatürk's primary school years were interrupted problematically upon his father's death. When his father died, he settled with his uncle with his mother. However, he did not stay here for long and returned to Thessaloniki again. After returning to Thessaloniki, he studied at the Thessaloniki High School for a short time. 

He continued his education in Thessaloniki Military High School after he passed the military school exam, which he secretly entered from his mother.After graduating from this school in 1896, he entered the Manastir Military High School and graduated from there in 1898. He graduated from the Military Academy in 1902 with the rank of Lieutenant, and in 1905 he graduated from the Military Academy with the rank of Staff Captain and completed his education.

FIRST WORLD WAR YEARS

THE YEARS OF MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR

* Çanakkale Front

* Caucasus Front

* Sinai Palestinian Front

**The Ottoman Empire entered the First World War on 29 October 1914. On January 20, 1915, under the command of Mustafa Kemal 3rd Corps, he was appointed to the 19th Party Command to be established in Tekfurdağ.

Çanakkale Battle

**Coming to the Çanakkale Front with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk led a division as the Commander of the 19th Division. In the most critical period of the war, he commanded a corps of approximately 130 thousand people with the rank of Colonel.

Caucasian Front

** It was ensured that Mustafa Kemal was recognized and the leader of the National Struggle.

** Mustafa Kemal took back the lost Muş and Bitlis from the Russians.

** The war on this front ended due to a revolution in Russia, and in this way, tsarism in Russia came to an end.

** After that, the Bolsheviks who came to power made the Bret Litowsk agreement with the Ottomans and gave back the places that the Ottomans lost with the Berlin Agreement.

TURKISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

The War of Independence, which started under the leadership of Atatürk, who landed in Samsun on May 19, 1919, was a struggle of the Turkish nation against the strongest states of the world and ended with the Mudanya Armistice on October 11, 1922.

Independence War

History of the War of Independence

ATATÜRK'S POLITICAL ASPECT

A Successful Leader, Atatürk has achieved great many things in many fields.As we know,he was a successful military leader.If we look at historical documents, we can see this.His most important political success is that he founded the country of Republic.And also he started the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.He reformed our society towards modernity.

ATATÜRK'S  POLITICAL PERSONALITYIS BASED ON THESE QUALITIES ;

*Understanding of  Independence and Freedom

*National Unity

*The Dream of Contemporary Civilization

*His love for his country and nation

*Rational and Scientific  Perspective

*His Faith and trust to Turkish Nation 

ATATÜRK'S  POLITICAL PERSONALITYIS BASED ON THESE QUALITIES ;

*Understanding of  Independence and Freedom

*National Unity

*The Dream of Contemporary Civilization

*His love for his country and nation

*Rational and Scientific  Perspective

*His Faith and trust to Turkish Nation 

ATATURK 'S REFORMS

ATATÜRK'S REFORMS

Atatürk's Reforms can be groupped under the heading of political, legal, religious, cultural, social and economic policy changes that convert The Republic of Turkey into secular and modern nation under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Political Reforms

-Ankara, The New Capital

-Abolition of Ottoman Sultanate

-Declaration of Republic

-Abolition of Caliphate

-First Constitutons (1921-1924)

-Multi-Party System

Social Reforms

-The Law of Closing the Dervish Lodges

-The Law of Hat

-Adoption of gregorian Calendar System

-Surname Act

-Women's Right To Vote and To Be Elected

       Educational Reforms

-Law on Unification of National Education

-Law of Ministry of National Education 

-Adoption of Latin Alphabet

-Establishing The Turkish Language Institution

-Establishing The Turkısh Hıstory Foundation

Reforms in Legal System

-Sharia (Ismaic law) courts abolished.

-Adoption of Swiss Civl Code

-Adıption Of Turkish Penal Code

Refoms in Economy 

-Abolition of the capitulations with the Treaty of Lausanne

-Establishment of model farms

-Establishment of the Turkish State Railways

-The System of Measures (International System of Units)

-First Five Year Development Plan (planned economy)

-Second Five Year Development Plan (planned economy)

ATATÜRK'S SAYINGS