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ABACUS

•This is considered the first computer because it helpes humans do mathematical equations.

•500 B.C. The abacus much like the device we know today begins being used.

•300 B.C. The counting board much like the later abacus is believed to be first used by Babylonians.

1642: Blaise Pascal

•Designed the first gear-driven counting machine, to make it easier for his father who was a tax collector.

•Pascaline, the machine, could add and subtract. Through his life he created over 50 inventions. For the next 300 years the ideas of Pascal’s Pascaline were used to make new counting machines.

Analytical Engine

•Charles Babbage, English Mathematician. The design was unique and could be considered the first programmable computer (use punch cards ) .

•Never created, but could be able to calculate and store numbers just like computers of today.

•Intended to use sequential control, branching, and looping.

•Augusta Ada Lovelace created a program for the Analytical Engine. Assumed to be the first computer programmer.

•The technology of the day was inadequate for the task.

Herman Hollerith

•Created a counting machine for the census in the 1880’s. The 1890 population was counted in considerably less time. It took six weeks, and full statistical analysis in two and a half years.

•Hollerith started to sell his machines to other companies. His company was called the Tabulating Machine Company. This company eventually evolves into International Business Machines Corporation or IBM.

Mark 1 “The beginning of the era of the modern computer ”

•First fully automatic computer to be completed.

•Built in 1944 by IBM. Thomas Watson hired Dr. Howard Aiken and collected $1 million to undertake the venture.

•A combination of mechanical gears and electrical signals to add and subtract large numbers quickly.

• The Mark I was 51 feet long and 8 feet high. It also included almost 500 miles of wire. It calculated numbers in 3-5 seconds.

ENIAC

•Created after World War II to calculate trajectories for missiles quickly.

•John William Mauchly and John Presper Eckert created.

•No mechanical parts. Vacuum tubes used. Vacuum tubes made the ENIAC 1000 times faster then the Mark I. The US Military funded this project.

• It was created for the war, but they didn’t finish until two months after the war ended.

Transistors vs Vacuum Tubes

•In the 1950’s the transistor started to come out.

•Faster, a lot more reliable, less power-hungry, and less expensive.

•Bell Telephone Laboratories’ scientists invented the transistor.

1960: Integrated Circuits

•Integrated circuits are thin photosensitive silicon layers that have microscopic circuits inscribed on to it.

•Could perform one function at first, which was adding.

• Later in the 1970’s designers began to put multifunction circuits into them. Integrated circuits made advancements towards the microprocessor.

•These processors put computers in a smaller price range, which let individuals, and small businesses buy them.

First MicroProcessor

•The first processor was introduced as a general- purpose processor in 1971.

• It was created for the use in a Japanese calculator manufacturer called Busicom.

• Intel was asked by Busicom to make 12 different chips for their family of calculators. Intel’s solution was to make a processor that could be individually programmed for each calculator.

Altair

•The first available personal computer ever offered to the public.

•Helped to start the Microcomputer Revolution.

•It had a 2 MHz processor, 256 bytes of RAM, and an 8-inch floppy disk.

•The user of the computer used switches instead of a keyboard.

•No monitor, but it used flashing lights. Altairs sold for $395 as a kit or 495 already assembled. Within three months 4,000 had been sold.

1976: Apple I

• Creator of this computer was Steven Wozniak.

•No one took the computer very seriously so it was a great success. It wasn’t taken serious because it ran off the MOStek 6502 chip, and all other personal computers at the time ran on the Intel 8080.

•It was sold at $666.66

Apple II & Radio Shack TRS-80

1977 •Built a year later after Apple I.

•A big advantage of the Apple II was that it had the ability of display color graphics. Later in 1978 Apple released a disk drive for this machine.

•Radio Shacks first personal computer. Was released in August 1977. The system came with a Pascal compiler, a COBOL compiler, and tons of games. The games were good for time even though the graphics were limited.

•The original price was $600. In January 1981 the TRS-80 Model 1 was discontinued due to FCC rules for RF interference.

1980: Commodore VIC-20

•Designed for the home consumer market.

•It was designed to be able to be hook up to the television set.

•The price for this computer was $299. This price made it very popular. It sold over 1 million units.

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"History of Computers"

Name: History of Computers
Author: justaman

justaman

This book is about to computer history. You can find computer basics, development of computer hardware and famous people in computer history. You can use this book as a resource to your lessons and homeworks. This is a research of me when i was in university. I hope you enjoy and get a lot of information about computers and history of computers. Enjoy!

(24 pages)

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