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Turkey is situated in Anatolia and the Balkans, bordering 

the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and 

bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, 

between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates 

of the country lie at: 39°00′N35°00′E / 39°N 35°E

The area of Turkey is 783,562 km2 (302,535 sq mi);[1] 

land: 770,760 km2 (297,592 sq mi), water: 9,820 km2 

(3,792 sq mi).

Turkey's terrain is structurally complex. A central massif 

composed of uplifted blocks and down folded troughs, covered 

by recent deposits and giving the appearance of a plateau with 

rough terrain, is wedged between two folded mountain ranges 

that converge in the east. True lowland is confined to the 

Ergene Plain in Thrace, extending along rivers that discharge 

into the Aegean Sea or the Sea of Marmara, and to a few 

narrow coastal strips along the Black Sea and Mediterranean 

Sea coasts. Nearly 85 percent of the land is at an elevation of at 

least 450 meters; the median altitude of the country is 1,128 

meters

The English word "Turkish" comes from the ancient Turkish 

word Türk , which can be used as an adjective or a proper 

noun. In Turkish, the name of the country is Türkiye . After 

decades of nationalistic indoctrination, most citizens self-

identify as Turks regardless of ethnic background. Some of 

the major non-Turkish ethnic groups—the Kurds in the 

southeast, the Arabs in the south, the Laz of the western 

Black Sea coast, and the Georgians in the northeast and 

northwest—express double identities.

Most citizens of Turkey are Muslims, but Turkish society is 

modern and (in principle) secular, so European dress styles 

prevail. Clean, modest clothing is appreciated and often 

required. In short, don't show thighs, shoulders or tops of 

upper arms. Slacks, or knee-length skirt or dress; blouse or 

top with sleeves to at least the mid-upper-arm.

In rural areas, women spend most of their time with working. 

As a result, their daily, work and special day clothes are 

different. Special costumes and hair dressings are only to be 

seen at wedding ceremonies. Women’s hair styles differ in 

accordance with their social status, and whether they are 

married or engaged, or not. Hair style is an important feature 

of women’s lives. 

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