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The UK is an island nation in Western Europe just off the coast 

of France. The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49°N and 

59°N and longitudes 8°W to 2°E.

The UK lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North 

Sea, and comes within 35 km (22 miles) of the northwest 

coast of France, from which it is separated by the English 

Channel. Northern Ireland shares a 360 km international land 

boundary with the Republic of Ireland. The Channel Tunnel 

bored beneath the English Channel, now links the UK with 

France. The UK has a total area of approximately 245,000 

km², almost a quarter-of-a-million square kilometres

This major areas of high ground in the United Kingdom are in the 

Highlands of Scotland, northern England around the Lake District, Snaefell 

on the Isle of Man, Snowdonia in North Wales, and Slieve Donard in the 

Mourne Mountains of Northern Ireland. The highest peak in Britain is Ben 

Nevis in Scotland at 1344m. -The United Kingdom features a long, rugged 

coastline, heavily indented with many inlets, bays, and river mouths.  

Headlands and cliffs may be found along some parts of the coast, 

especially in Scotland where wide firths and deep, narrow lochs abound.

The topography of England features hilly regions in the north, west, and 

southwest as well as rolling downs and low coastal plains in the east and 

southeast.   The Cheviot Hills run from east to west on the Scottish border 

in the north.   The Pennines run north and south from near Scotland to 

central England's Derbyshire region.   Fertile agricultural lands, moors, and 

plains comprise much of the remaining countryside.   The east and west 

Midlands region, with its rolling hills and dales, lies to the south of the 

Pennine Range.   England's highest point is Scafell Pike, in the northwest 

Lake District, which rises to 3,210 feet above sea level.   The Severn and 

Thames rivers of southern England are the longest, at 210 miles and 200 

miles, respectively.

Britain an island country and the surrounding sea gives 

England a varied climate. We never know what the weather 

will be like from one day to the other. It can be sunny one 

day and rainy the next. As we have such a variable climate 

changing from from day to day, it is difficult to predict the 

weather. In general we have warm summers and cool 

winters. Our summers are cooler than those on the continent, 

but the winters are milder. The overall climate in England is 

called temperate maritime. This means that it is mild with 

temperatures not much lower than 0ºC in winter and not 

much higher than 32ºC in summer. It also means that it is 

damp and is subject to frequent changes. 

All though everyone in the UK has a British citizenship they 

have different nationalities. England is only one of the three 

countries in Britain (Scotland, England and Wales). The Scots 

and the Welsh sometimes get angry when they are referred 

to as 'English'. They do not live in England and they have 

their own parliaments, so why should they take their identity 

from England? They have their own identity.

There are often distinct differences between people living in 

each of the three countries in Britain. This is because 

different groups of people tend to develop their own customs 

and way of life. eople born in England are called English or 

British and can say that they live in England, Britain and/or 

the UK. Most people in England will say they are British 

rather than English.

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