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Scotland occupies the northern third of the island of 

Great Britain. It is bounded by England in the south and 

on the other three sides by water,by the Atlantic Ocean 

on the west and north and by the North Sea on the east. 

Scotland is divided into three physical regions—the 

Highlands; the Central Lowlands, containing two-thirds of 

the population; and the Southern Uplands. The western 

Highland coast is intersected throughout by long, narrow 

sea lochs, or fjords. Scotland also includes the Outer and 

Inner Hebrides and other islands off the west coast and 

the Orkney and Shetland Islands off the north coast.

Scotland is occupying the northern third of the British island 

and it is mainly divided into three different parts, called 

Highlands, Central Lowlands and Southern Uplands.

The Highlands are a thinly populated mountainous area 

north of Stirling and west of Aberdeen. More than one-half 

of the surfaces of Scotland are occupied by the Highlands

The terrain of the Southern Uplands is much less elevated 

and rugged than the Highlands. It consist largely of a 

moorland plateau traversed by rolling hills and broken by 

mountainous outcroppings. Adjoining the Southern Uplands 

region along the boundary with England are the Cheviot 

Hills.

Situated off the north and west coasts of Scotland are the 

Islands, the main groups being the Orkneys and Shetlands 

off the north coast and the Hebrides off the west coasts. The 

largest of the other islands is Arran. Scotland is 

characterized by an abundance of streams and lakes, which 

are called lochs. 

The inhabitants of the Scottish Highlands were originally of 

Celtic descent, and a small number of them still speak 

Gaelic, an ancient Celtic language which is now being 

encouraged once again in schools. In the southern part of 

the nation, the people are descended from ancient Scots 

with liberal inputs by Nordic influences and a bit of Anglo-

Saxon.

The climate of Scotland is influenced by the surrounding seas. 

Extreme seasonal variations are rare, as a result of the 

moderating influences. The outstanding climatic features are 

temperate winters and cool summers. In the western coastal 

region, Scotland’s climate is generally cool and wet. It is 

influenced by the North Atlantic Drift, a warm sea current 

from the Caribbean, which keeps Scotland's coast ice free in 

winter. The climate is oceanic, with no extreme variations or 

exceptional events like tornadoes, droughts or widespread 

floods, but the day to day weather can vary enormously and 

unpredictably .

The rich Scotland culture has gone through many changes since the past years. 

Scotland was mostly inhabited by the Celtic decedents in the Scottish Highlands. 

Scots dominated the Southern part of the country. Scotland has been handing down 

its traditions for close to a thousand years now, since the earliest days of the clans 

in the 12th century. Mostly the Scots are smart and vigilant. There is some influence 

of the Nordic and Anglo Saxon people on the culture of Scotland. The Scottish people 

always had a thirst for learning. Farmers called crofters live on the north western 

coastal region of Scotland. They live in houses built of pebbles and stones. Apart 

from farming the people are interested in forestry, cottage industries and road work. 

The Highlands are famous for more than 100 clans and these groups of people are 

famous for sports and athletic shows. There are also some Bagpipers and Highland 

dancers.   However, Scottish traditions are not something sterile under glass and 

steel in a cold museum. They are vibrant, living things, constantly growing and 

evolving, and every generation adds the thumbprint of its own particular Scottish 

culture to the whole. Scotland's culture is rich and vibrant, dominated by bagpipes, 

highland dancing, tartans, sport, poetry and festivals such as Hogmanay and the 

Edinburgh. Scotland has a strong philosophical tradition, unusual for such a small 

country.

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