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                 Geography Learning Objectives

* I can identify and locate the countries of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.

* I can locate cities using longitude and latitude.

* I can explain how ocean currents and wind influence climate.

                                         Continents 

* These are the different types of continents. 

* North America

* South America

* Europe

* Antarctica

* Africa

* Asia

* Australia

                        Economies Learning 

Objectives

* I can explain how voluntary trade benefits 

countries.

* I can explain the difference between 

traditional, command, and market economic 

systems.

                               Ways to Measure 

an Economy

* GDP - Measure of all goods and services 

produced in a country in one year

* GDP per Capita - GDP divided by population; 

average amount of money made per person

* Standard of living - Measurement of a 

country’s education, housing, health, and 

nutrition. 

There is also different types of economies. 

There is 

                                  Government

* I can compare modern governments.

* I can identify the functions of international 

organizations.

* I can define citizenship and the citizen’s role 

in different governments.

                                What is 

Government 

* Government is Organization that sets up and 

enforces laws

* Why do we need government?

  - To protect people

  - To protect people’s rights

  - To resolve conflicts within the country and 

with other countries

* There are 100’s of different types of 

governments, most fit into the following 

categories.

Culture and Religion Learning Objectives

* I can describe the development and 

transmission of culture over time.

* I can define the term ethnocentrism.

* I can describe the central beliefs of major 

religions.

What is culture

* The way of life of a group of people, Parts of 

culture include:

* Beliefs, Customs, Ideas, ways of doing things, 

Homes, Food, Clothing, Sports, Literature/art, 

Religion, Government, Language.

Cultural Change

Cultural diffusion — the movement of customs 

and ideas. Example: Baseball started in U.S. but 

has spread throughout the world

Acculturation — process of accepting new ideas 

and fitting them into a culture.   Example: 

Baseball in Japan can end in a tie because they 

value how they played rather than who wins

Religion

* Five major world religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism

* Religion helps people make sense of the world

* Religion also helps people understand the meaning and purpose of life

* Religions of the world have many common traits. Expectation to treat one another 

well and to behave properly, Prayers and rituals Celebrate important holidays, 

places, and times. Examples of religion are: 

Judaism

Monotheistic, Followers: 14 million, Started 1800 B.C.E., Followers are called Jews

Founder is Abraham, Holy book is called Torah, God is called Yaweh, Place of worship 

is a Synagogue, Started in Southwest Asia (Jersalem, Israel)

Major beliefs are: 10 Commandments, First major religion to believe in only one god

Islam

Monotheistic, Followers: 1.5 billion, Started 610 C.E., Followers are called Muslims

Founder is Muhammad, Holy book is called Qur’an (English translation is Koran), God 

is called Allah, Place of worship is mosque, Started in Southwest Asia (Jerusalem, 

Israel), Major beliefs are: 5 Pillars of Islam, Holy month of Ramadan (fast from 

sunrise to sunset)

Africa 

Key terms: 

* Plateau–large, raised areas of mostly level 

land

* Elevation–height above sea level

* Rift–a deep crack in the earth’s surface

* Tributary–a river or small stream that flows 

into a much larger river

* Fertile–rich in the substances that plants need 

to grow

Africa's Continent: * Includes more than 50 

countries (53 or 54), * Divided into regions. 1. 

North Africa, 2. West Africa, 3. East Africa, 

4. Central Africa, 5. Southern Africa

4 major rivers: * Carry water from the 

mountain to the sea, 1. Nile River, 2. Congo 

River, 3. Zambezi River, 4. Niger River. 

Majority of the cities are located on the 

rivers.

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North Korea 

Mao Zedong: * Leader of Communist Party of 

China. * Gained large number of supporters 

during a large pro communist rally. * 

Movement was called “The Long March” because 

they marched from town to town. 

Cultural Revolution: *   He wants to create a 

“brand new” China with no ties to the past.* He 

targets rich upper class of China to complete 

China’s transformation to communism 

Cultural Revolution: * He encouraged students to 

rebel against teachers, parents, and adults. * 

No capitalism or free market economics. * No 

traditional Chinese cultures or religions. * 

Instead of organized religion they had organized 

Communist Party Meetings where they bad-

mouthed America and Europe. * Those who did not 

confirm to Mao’s rules would be “cleansed” of 

their problems. * Put into labor camps or jail. 

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