Table of Contents

Unit 1: Governments...4,5

Unit 2: Exploration...6,7

Unit 3: Colonization...8,9

Unit 4: Scientific Revolution...10,11

Unit 5: Enlightenment...12,13

Unit 6: American Revolution...14,15

Unit 7: French Revolution...16,17

Unit 8: Latin American Revolutions...18,19

Unit 9: Industrial Revolution...20,21

Unit 10: Imperialism...22,23

Unit 11: World War I...24,25

Unit 12: World War II...26,27

Unit 13: Cold War... 28,29

Unit 14: Modern World... 30,31

Unit 1: Governments

There are multiple types of governments that have been used throughout history: republic, democratic, monarchy, constitutional monarchy, authoritarian, totalitarian, etc.

Benito Mussolini was the Fascist Prime Minister of Italy from 1925-1945. He later became Allies with the dictator of Germany, Adolf Hitler.

(continued)

The Munich Pact was created by the UK and France to not declare War on Germany as long as Hitler didn't invade any other countries.

The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) was an event that the Soviet Union brought nuclear missiles into Cuba. The Missile Crisis placed a huge threat on the United States' security and government.

Unit 2: Exploration

Throughout history, there were 5 main Eurpoean countries exploring for more land: Portugal, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands. Explorers helped with this era.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer searching for land for Spain. In 1492, Columbus sailed a voyage because Spain was in need of money

(continued)

On August 3rd, 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed a voyage on the ocean blue. His destination was to travel to India, but he traveled to the Americas instead.

An Astrolabe was a device used to help the sailors use the position of of the sun and the stars to determine latitude.

Unit 3: Colonization

Europeans made an influence on the new land. Forming Settler Colonies, Plantation Colonies, and a Trading Post Empire. The countries forming the colonies was Spain, England, and France.

King James I was the king of England, Scotland and Ireland during the exploration of the Americas from 1603-1625. He was the inspiration of the name Jamestown, VA.

(continued)

In 1607,countries began sending large quantities of people to live in a colony, especially England. The first official settlement formed by England was titled Jamestown, Virginia.

Plantation Colonies is a large estate in parts of North and South America that produced cash crops to provide food for the settlement.

Unit 4: Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution was a time period of scientific thoughts were being changed from people's traditional beliefs. It took place between in the 1500s to the 1700s. Several scientists helped with the revolution.

Galileo Galilei is an Italian Astronomer known for discovering moons of other planets. He was excommunicated from his church because of a theory in 1633.

(continued)

The Heliocentric Theory is the idea of the sun being in the center of the solar system. This idea was created by Copernicus, which changed the thoughts about science through history.

In 1633, Galileo believed in the idea of heliocentrism (discovered by Copernicus) and was excommunicated from his church, and was put under house arrest.

Unit 5: Enlightenment

Enlightenment was a mental movement of the 17th and the 18th centuries, and wanted to exert "reason" to understand and to improve society and politics.

Voltaire was a French writer and philosopher that focused on freedom of speech and freedom of religion. One of his most famous books titled Candide was written in 1759.

(continued)

The Social Contract (established by Jean-Jacques Rousseau) was created to sacrifice some individual freedom for state protection. Changing the way people think about obligations.

The Glorious Revolution (also known as the "Bloodless Revolution") was the overthrow of King James II. King James II was replaced with his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange in 1689.

Unit 6: American Revolution

The American Revolution was an 8-year war to gain independence from England. The war lasted from 1775-1783 in the 13 Colonies.

George Washington was the military general and commander of the American Army during the American Revolution. He served 2 terms as the 1st President of the US.

(continued)

The Battles of Lexington and Concord was one of the main battles in the American Revolution. This battle was fought on April 19th, 1775.

The Declaration of Independence was a document sent to the King of England to have independence from England. Because of this and the War, The United States is now an independent country.

Unit 7: French Revoultion

The French Revolution was a war fighting for equality for each of the estates. The war lasted from 1789-1799 in the colonies of France.

Napoleon Bonaparte was the French military leader who rose in power by becoming dictator of France. He was known to be a short man of 5 ft. 2 in. (according to the French measurement system).

(continued)

The Guillotine is a machine that has a sharp blade used to behead a person. The guillotine was used to kill the kings and queens of France that committed crimes (Marie Antoinette was killed for overuse of power; killed in 1793).

Reign of Terror was started by a French lawyer named Maximilien Robespierre. Since he started the Reign of Terror, he was sent to the Guillotine in 1794, for the crime he committed.

Unit 8: Latin American Revolutions

Simon Bolivar was "the Liberator" for Venezuela. He led many of the colonies to independence, and eliminated Spain's power in South America. He also was a big part of the Latin American Revolution (from 1808-1826).

The Latin American Revolution was a series of wars or revolution in Latin America that lasted from 1808-1826. The smaller colonies trying to gain independence from their "mother countries."

(continued)

The Slave Revolt in Haiti was to separate itself from Napoleon and France in 1791. It was also known as the largest Slave Rebellion in the Western Hemisphere.

The Monroe Doctrine was a United States document created to prevent any country from invading any other country in the Western Hemisphere. This document was created in 1823.